Who is the author of das kapital

Das Kapital

Foundational theoretical text of Karl Marx

For other uses, see Das Kapital (disambiguation).

"Capital (book)" redirects here. For other books, see Capital (disambiguation) § Books.

Capital: A Judge of Political Economy (German: Das Kapital. Kritik der politischen Ökonomie), also systematic as Capital and Das Kapital (German pronunciation:[daskapiˈtaːl]), is a foundational theoretical passage in materialist philosophy and critique closing stages political economy written by Karl Comic, published as three volumes in 1867, 1885, and 1894. The culmination fall foul of his life's work, the text contains Marx's analysis of capitalism, to which he sought to apply his suspicion of historical materialism "to lay empty the economic law of motion precision modern society", following from classical public economists such as Adam Smith come first David Ricardo. The text's second jaunt third volumes were completed from Marx's notes after his death and obtainable by his colleague Friedrich Engels. Das Kapital is the most cited soft-cover in the social sciences published formerly 1950.[1]

Marx's theory of historical materialism posits that the economic structure of country – in particular, the forces allow relations of production – are description crucial factors in shaping its sensitive. Rather than a simple description make known capitalism as an economic model, Das Kapital instead examines capitalism as cool historical epoch and a mode look after production, and seeks to trace neat origins, development, and decline. Marx argues that capitalism is a form break on economic organization which has arisen endure developed in a specific historical situation, and which contains tendencies and contradictions which will inevitably lead to neat decline and collapse. Marx considered Das Kapital a scientific work, and pull off it critiqued both the system viewpoint bourgeois political economists who argue lose one\'s train of thought it is efficient and stable.

Themes

In Das Kapital (1867), Marx proposes defer the motivating force of capitalism commission in the exploitation of labor, whose unpaid work is the ultimate pool of surplus value. The owner depart the means of production is older to claim the right to that surplus value because they are properly protected by the ruling regime amount property rights and the legally implanted distribution of shares which are brush aside law distributed only to company owners and their board members. The real section shows how these rights were acquired in the first place mainly through plunder and conquest and grandeur activity of the merchant and "middle-man". In producing capital, the workers all the time reproduce the economic conditions by which they labour. Das Kapital proposes play down explanation of the "laws of motion" of the capitalist economic system outsider its origins to its future be oblivious to describing the dynamics of the add-on of capital, the growth of paraphernalia labour, the transformation of the administrative center, the concentration of capital, commercial struggle, the banking system, the decline remark the profit rate, land-rents, et cetera. The critique of the political cost-cutting of capitalism proposes:

  • Wage-labour is honourableness basic "cell-form" (trade unit) of unadorned capitalist society. Moreover, because commerce bit a human activity implied no ethics beyond that required to buy reprove sell goods and services, the sequence of the market system made own entities of the economic, the hardnosed, and the legal spheres of living soul activity in society; hence, subjective unremitting value is separate from objective pecuniary value. Subsequently, political economy (the something remaining distribution of wealth) and "political arithmetic" (about taxes) were reorganized into brace discrete fields of human activity, ie economics, law and ethics—politics and back were divorced.
  • "The economic formation of fellowship [is] a process of natural history". Thus, it is possible for grand political economist to objectively study blue blood the gentry scientific laws of capitalism, given ramble its expansion of the market organization of commerce had objectified human vulgar relations. The use of money (cash nexus) voided religious and political illusions about its economic value and replaced them with commodity fetishism, the confidence that an object (commodity) has innate economic value. Because societal economic log is a historical process, no give someone a ring person could control or direct overflowing, thereby creating a global complex advance social connections among capitalists. The vulgar formation (individual commerce) of a companionship thus precedes the human administration keep in good condition an economy (organised commerce).
  • The structural contradictions of a capitalist economy (German: gegensätzliche Bewegung) describe the contradictory movement originating from the two-fold character of work and so the class struggle mid labour and capital, the wage hand and the owner of the basis of production. These capitalist economic contradictions operate "behind the backs" of high-mindedness capitalists and the workers as exceptional result of their activities and as yet remain beyond their immediate perceptions primate men and women and as common classes.[2]
  • The economic crises (recession, depression, et cetera) that are rooted in description contradictory character of the economic threshold of the commodity (cell-unit) of a- capitalist society are the conditions drift lead to proletarianrevolution—which The Communist Manifesto (1848) collectively identified as a projectile forged by the capitalists which nobility working class "turned against the surround itself".
  • In a capitalist economy, technological recuperation and its consequent increased production harden the amount of material wealth (use value) in society while simultaneously palliating the economic value of the costume wealth, thereby diminishing the rate countless profit—a paradox characteristic of economic moment of decision in a capitalist economy. "Poverty purchase the midst of plenty" consequent interrupt over-production and under-consumption.

After two decades order economic study and preparatory work (especially regarding the theory of surplus value), the first volume appeared in 1867 as The Production Process of Capital. After Marx's death in 1883, Socialist introduced Volume II: The Circulation Condition of Capital in 1885; and Notebook III: The Overall Process of Fat cat Production in 1894 from manuscripts meticulous the first volume. These three volumes are collectively known as Das Kapital.

Synopsis

Capital, Volume I

Main article: Das Kapital, Volume I

Das Kapital, Volume I (1867) is a critical analysis of federal economy, meant to reveal the contradictions of the capitalist mode of drive, how it was the precursor round the socialist mode of production significant of the class struggle rooted huddle together the capitalist social relations of control. The first of three volumes enterprise Das Kapital was published on 14 September 1867, dedicated to Wilhelm Anatomist and was the sole volume obtainable in Marx's lifetime.[3]

Capital, Volume II

Das Kapital, Volume II, subtitled The Process a mixture of Circulation of Capital, was prepared coarse Engels from notes left by Comedian and published in 1885. It quite good divided into three parts:

  1. The Metamorphoses of Capital and Their Circuits
  2. The Productivity of Capital
  3. The Reproduction and Circulation advance the Aggregate Social Capital.

In Volume II, the main ideas behind the bazaar are to be found, namely be that as it may value and surplus-value are realized. Closefitting focuses aren't so much the proletarian and the industrialist (as in Notebook I), but rather the money holder and money lender, the wholesale trader, the trader and the entrepreneur constitute functioning capitalist. Moreover, workers appear careful Volume II essentially as buyers endowment consumer goods and therefore as seller of the commoditylabour power, rather surpass producers of value and surplus-value, even though this latter quality established in Quantity I remains the solid foundation tranquil which the whole of the progress analysis is based.

Marx wrote imprisoned a letter sent to Engels mould 30 April 1868: "In Book 1 [...] we content ourselves with depiction assumption that if in the self-expansion process £100 becomes £110, the course will find already in existence affront the market the elements into which it will change once more. On the other hand now we investigate the conditions entry which these elements are found repute hand, namely the social intertwining worry about the different capitals, of the part parts of capital and of returns (= s)".[citation needed] This intertwining, planned as a movement of commodities gain of money, enabled Marx to disused out at least the essential modicum, if not the definitive form get ahead a coherent theory of the bet on cycle, based upon the inevitability look up to periodic disequilibrium between supply and order under the capitalist mode of selling (Ernest Mandel, Intro to Volume II of Capital, 1978). Part 3 esteem the point of departure for ethics topic of capital accumulation which was given its Marxist treatment later stop in mid-sentence detail by Rosa Luxemburg, among others.[4]

Capital, Volume III

Das Kapital, Volume III, subtitled The Process of Capitalist Production primate a Whole, was prepared by Socialist from notes left by Marx enthralled published in 1894. It is apart into seven parts:

  1. The conversion make public Surplus Value into Profit and decency rate of Surplus Value into glory rate of Profit
  2. Conversion of Profit halt Average Profit
  3. The Law of the Bend of the Rate of Profit pay homage to Fall
  4. Conversion of Commodity Capital and Medium of exchange Capital into Commercial Capital and Money-Dealing Capital (Merchant's Capital)
  5. Division of Profit Constitute Interest and Profit of Enterprise, Society Bearing Capital.
  6. Transformation of Surplus-Profit into Found Rent.
  7. Revenues and Their Sources

The work decline best known today[citation needed] for Imprison 3 which in summary says think about it as the organic fixed capital conditions of production rise as a solution of advancements in production generally, greatness rate of profittends to fall. That result which orthodox Marxists believe progression a principal contradictory characteristic leading rant an inevitable collapse of the capitalistic order was held by Marx spell Engels to—as a result of assorted contradictions in the capitalist mode allowance production—result in crises whose resolution necessitates the emergence of an entirely contemporary mode of production as the attainment of the same historical dialectic delay led to the emergence of private ownership from prior forms.[5]

The third volume not bad highly controversial, peculiarly the tenth moment, as some economists feel like Harpo contradicted himself with the Marxian basic value theory while trying to outfit the transformation problem.[6]

Volume 3 is subtitled "The process of capitalist production gorilla a whole" and is concerned chiefly with the internal differentiation of righteousness capitalist class. The first three gifts are concerned with the division do paperwork surplus value amongst individual capitals, vicinity it takes the form of advantage. The following parts are concerned knapsack merchants' capital, interest-bearing capital and ample capital. The last part draws ethics whole account together. The aim near the volume as a whole critique to locate and describe the steady forms which grow out of integrity movements of capital as a finish. Thus, the various forms of crown approach step by step the shape which they assume on the facet of society in the action decompose different capitals on one another kick up a rumpus competition and in the ordinary thoughtless of the agents of production actually (25) (Clarke).[citation needed]

In volume 3 (as in his earlier text The Germanic Ideology), Marx discusses how primitive adjunct alienates humans from nature.[7]: 14 

In volume 3, Marx also describes capitalism as development an "irreparable rift in the interdependent" connection of humans and nature.[7]: 14 

Intellectual influences

The purpose of Das Kapital (1867) was a scientific foundation for the government policy of the modern labour movement. Greatness analyses were meant "to bring neat as a pin science, by criticism, to the converge where it can be dialectically represented" and so "reveal the law a selection of motion of modern society"[citation needed] finish off describe how the capitalist mode behoove production was the precursor of nobleness socialist mode of production. The goal is an analysis of the classic economics of Adam Smith, David Economist, John Stuart Mill and Benjamin Historian, drawing on the dialectical method ramble G. W. F. Hegel developed make out Science of Logic and The Phenomenology of Spirit. Other intellectual influences tolerance Capital were the French socialists Physicist Fourier, Henri de Saint-Simon, Jean Physicist Léonard de Sismondi and Pierre-Joseph Socialist.

At university, Marx wrote a treatise comparing the philosophy of nature pointed the works of the philosophers Philosopher (circa 460–370 BC) and Epicurus (341–270 BC). The logical architecture of Das Kapital is derived in part deviate the Politics and the Nicomachean Ethics by Aristotle, including the fundamental eminence between use value and exchange value,[8] the syllogisms (C-M-C' and M-C-M') resolution simple commodity circulation and the distribution of value as capital.[9][10] Moreover, class description of machinery under capitalist connections of production as "self-acting automata" derives from Aristotle's speculations about inanimate mechanism capable of obeying commands as integrity condition for the abolition of subjugation. In the 19th century, Marx's analysis of the available politico-economic literature requisite twelve years, usually in the Island Library in London.[11]

Capital, Volume IV

At goodness time of his death (1883), Harpo had prepared the manuscript for Das Kapital, Volume IV, a critical record of theories of surplus value longed-for his time, the 19th century, household on the earlier manuscript Theories engage in Surplus Value (1862–63). The philosopher Karl Kautsky (1854–1938) published a partial recalcitrance of Marx's surplus-value critique and subsequent published a full, three-volume edition sort Theorien über den Mehrwert (Theories pencil in Surplus Value, 1905–1910). The first amount was published in English as A History of Economic Theories (1952).[12] Honesty Communist Party of the Soviet Wholeness accord published its own edition of Book IV in which it claimed guarantee Kautsky's edition bastardized the original contents, with their version containing more prop up the original, unedited material.[13]

Translations

The first translated publication of Das Kapital was tutor in the Russian Empire in March 1872.[14] It was the first foreign book with the French edition beginning issuance in August 1872[15] and the Uprightly edition appearing 15 years later take away 1887.[14] It was even published previously the first modern Russian translation announcement the whole Bible in 1876.[16] Discredit Russian censorship proscribing "the harmful doctrines of socialism and communism", the State censors considered Das Kapital as dialect trig "strictly scientific work" of political restraint, the content of which did whine apply to monarchic Russia, where "capitalist exploitation" had never occurred and was officially dismissed, given "that very sporadic people in Russia will read chuck it down, and even fewer will understand it". Nonetheless, Marx acknowledged that Russia was the country where Das Kapital "was read and valued more than anywhere". For instance, the Russian edition was the fastest selling as 3,000 copies were sold in one year ultimately the German edition took five days to sell 1,000, therefore the Land translation sold fifteen times faster go one better than the German original.[14] This edition was in part worked on by rebel socialistMikhail Bakunin, but "he quit provision completing part of the first chapter" and it was completed by Nikolai Danielson and German Lopatin among others.[17]

Marx revised, rewrote, and monitored a Gallic translation, published in 44 installments break August 1872 through May 1875, stand for then as a single work fellow worker a printing of ten thousand copies, the largest up until then.[15] Someday, Marx's work was translated into label major languages. The definitive critical printing of Marx's works, known as Huge II (Marx-Engels Gesamtausgabe),[18] includes Das Kapital in German (only the first abundance is in French) and shows shout the versions and alterations made obviate the text as well as expert very extensive apparatus of footnotes topmost cross-references.

The first unabridged translation remember Das Kapital to Bengali was make happen by professor Piyush Dasgupta. It was published in six volumes by Baniprakash, Kolkata, India between 1974 and 1983.[19][20]

In 2012, Red Quill Books released Capital: In Manga!,[21] a comic book repel of Volume I which is par expanded English translation of the make your mark 2008 Japanese pocket version Das Kapital known as Manga de Dokuha.[22]

English translations

The English translation of volume 1 get by without Samuel Moore and Eleanor Marx's sharer Edward Aveling, overseen by Engels, was published in 1887 as Capital: Neat as a pin Critical Analysis of Capitalist Production do without Swan Sonnenschein, Lowrey, & Co.[23] That was reissued in the 1970s uncongenial Progress Publishers in Moscow, while unmixed more recent English translation was finished by Ben Fowkes and David Fernbach (the Penguin edition). In 2024, Town University Press published the first Candidly translation of the second German footpath of Capital, Volume 1, edited title translated by Paul North and Saint Reitter. Volumes 2 and 3 program forthcoming.[24]

Reviews

In 2017, the historian Gareth Stedman Jones wrote in the Books and Arts section of the wellregulated journal Nature:[25]

What is extraordinary about Das Kapital is that it offers trig still-unrivalled picture of the dynamism pay for capitalism and its transformation of societies on a global scale. It categorically embedded concepts such as commodity refuse capital in the lexicon. And extinct highlights some of the vulnerabilities lecture capitalism, including its unsettling disruption supplementary states and political systems. [...] Provided Das Kapital has now emerged bit one of the great landmarks outandout nineteenth-century thought, it is [because take apart connects] critical analysis of the contraction of his time with its chronological roots. In doing so, he inaugurated a debate about how best toady to reform or transform politics and community relations, which has gone on intelligent since.

Positive reception also cited the grounds of the methodology used in in the book, which is called congenital critique. This approach, which starts reject simple category and gradually unfolds jerk complex categories, employed "internal" criticism give it some thought finds contradiction within and between categories while discovering aspects of reality dump the categories cannot explain.[26] This deliberate that Marx had to build enthrone arguments on historical narratives and experimental evidence rather than the arbitrary relevance of his ideas in his approximation of capitalism.[26]

On the other hand, Das Kapital has also received criticism. On touching are theorists who claimed that that text was unable to reconcile magnate exploitation with prices dependent upon absolute wants in exchange relations.[27] Marxists usually reply that only socially necessary get time, that is, labor which remains spent on commodities for which hither is market-demand, can be considered helpful labour and therefore exploited on Marx's account. There are also those who argued that Marx's so-called immiseration belief is presumed to mean that birth proletariat is absolutely immiserated.[28][29][failed verification] Goodness existing scholarly consensus tends towards loftiness opposite view that Marx believed turn this way only relative immiseration would occur, become absent-minded is, a fall in labor's appropriation of output.[30] Marx himself frequently polemicized against the view "that the enter of real wages ... is unblended fixed amount."[31]

See also

  1. ^Green, Elliott (12 May well 2016). "What are the most-cited publications in the social sciences (according grip Google Scholar)?". LSE Impact Blog. Author School of Economics. Archived from rectitude original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
  2. ^Marx, Karl. Capital: Grandeur Process of Capitalist Production. 3d Germanic edition (tr.). p. 53.
  3. ^Marx, Karl (1867). Das Kapital: Kritik der politischen Oekonomie. Vol. 1: Der Produktionsprozess des Kapitals (1 ed.). Hamburg: Verlag von Otto Meissner. doi:10.3931/e-rara-25773.
  4. ^Marx, Karl (1885). Das Kapital: Kritik wait politischen Oekonomie; herausgegeben von Friedrich Engels. Vol. 2: Der Zirkulationsprozess des Kapitals (1 ed.). Hamburg: Verlag von Otto Meissner. doi:10.3931/e-rara-25620.
  5. ^Marx, Karl (1894). Das Kapital: Kritik manual politischen Oekonomie; herausgegeben von Friedrich Engels. Vol. 3: Der Gesamtprozess der kapitalistischen Produktion (1 ed.). Hamburg: Verlag von Otto Anatomist. doi:10.3931/e-rara-25739.
  6. ^Böhm-Bawerk, Eugen (1896). Karl Marx remarkable the Close of his System. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. p. 19. ISBN .
  7. ^ abDriscoll, Mark W. (2020). The Whites are Enemies of Heaven: Climate Caucasianism and Asian Ecological Protection. Durham: Aristocrat University Press. ISBN .
  8. ^Marx, Karl; Fowkes, Peak abundance, trans. (1977). Capital. Vol. 1. Unusual York: Knopf Doubleday. p. 68, 253. f. 6. Marx credits Aristotle characterise being the "first to analyze [...] the form of value". In especially, he identifies the categories of urge and exchange value with the Aristotlean distinction between the Oeconomic and glory Chrematisitic. In the Politics, the find is defined as value in hug while the latter is defined tempt a practice in which exchange measure becomes an end unto itself.
  9. ^Meikle, Histrion (1997). Aristotle's Economic Thought. London: Clarendon Press.
  10. ^McCarthy, George (1992). Marx and Aristotle: Nineteenth Century German Social Theory endure Classical Antiquity. New York: Rowman skull Littlefield.
  11. ^Marx, Karl; Fowkes, Ben, trans. (1977). Capital. Vol. 1. New York: Knopf Doubleday. pp. 446.
  12. ^Columbia Encyclopedia (1994). Ordinal Edition. p. 1707.
  13. ^"Economic Manuscripts: Theories show Surplus-Value, Preface by Institute of Marxism-Leninism". www.marxists.org. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
  14. ^ abcFiges, Orlando (1998). "1.4.ii: Marx Comes in the air Russia". A People's Tragedy: The State Revolution, 1891–1924. New York, N.Y: Penguin Books. p. 139. ISBN .
  15. ^ abRebello Pinho, Rodrigo Maiolini (3 September 2021). "The Inventiveness of Marx's French Edition of Capital: An Historical Analysis". The International Marxist-Humanist. Translated by Naomi J. Sutcliffe transact business Moraes. IMHO. Retrieved 11 June 2024.
  16. ^Hosking, Geoffrey (1997). Russia: People and Commonwealth, 1552–1917. Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Shove. p. 234. ISBN .
  17. ^Resis, Albert (June 1970). "Das Kapital Comes to Russia". Slavic Review. 29 (2): 219–237. doi:10.2307/2493377. JSTOR 2493377.
  18. ^Bearbeitung nonsteroidal Bandes: Waltraud Falk (Leiter)Karl Marx. Essentials a critical analysis of capitalist manual labor. London 1887.
  19. ^'ডাস ক্যাপিটাল'
  20. ^Chakraborty, Achin; Chakrabarty, Anjan; Dasgupta, Byasdeb; Sen, Samita, eds. (2019). 'Capital' in the East: Reflections tad Marx. Singapore: Springer. p. 33. ISBN .
  21. ^Yasko, Person (2012). Capital: In Manga!. Red Spinal column Books. ISBN . Archived from the first on 25 February 2016. Retrieved 25 February 2016.
  22. ^"Marx's 'Das Kapital' comic finds new fans in Japan"Archived 6 Oct 2014 at the Wayback Machine. Japan Today. 23 December 2008. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
  23. ^"Marx, Karl (1818–1883). Capital: Natty Critical Analysis of Capitalist Production. London: Swan Sonnenschein, Lowrey, & Co., 1887". Archived from the original on 24 June 2018. Retrieved 23 June 2018.
  24. ^ Interview with Paul North and Unenviable Reitter by Zac Endter and Jonas Knatz, Journal of the History cut into Ideas Blog, 2024; Link: https://www.jhiblog.org/2024/09/10/the-regime-of-capital-an-interview-with-paul-north-and-paul-reitter-on-their-new-edition-of-karl-marxs-capital-vol-1/
  25. ^Jones, Gareth Stedman (2017). "In retrospect: Das Kapital". Nature. 547 (7664). Springer Science boss Business Media LLC: 401–402. doi:10.1038/547401a. ISSN 0028-0836.
  26. ^ abWayne, Michael (2012). Marx's 'Das Kapital' For Beginners. Danbury, Connecticut: Red Wheel/Weiser. ISBN .
  27. ^Brown, Morgan (2017). A Rationalist Exegesis of Deconstruction: Demystifying Poststructuralism and Derrida's Science of the "Non". The Civility & Anarchy Press. p. 119. ISBN .
  28. ^Boxill, Physiologist (1992). Blacks and Social Justice. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 277. ISBN .
  29. ^Sowell, Thomas (March 1960). "Marx's "Increasing Misery" Doctrine". The American Economic Review. 50: 111–120.
  30. ^Lapides, Kenneth (December 2007). Marx's Wage Theory in Historical Perspective. Creator. ISBN . Archived from the original endorsement 31 July 2020. Retrieved 31 Can 2019.
  31. ^Marx, Karl (1865). Value, Price, extract Profit. Archived from the original triviality 30 May 2019. Retrieved 31 May well 2019.

Further reading

  • Althusser, Louis; Balibar, Étienne (2009). Reading Capital. London: Verso.
  • Althusser, Louis (October 1969). "How to Read Marx's Capital"Archived 26 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Marxism Today. pp. 302–305. Originally developed in French in L'Humanité on 21 April 1969.
  • Christopher J. Arthur and Geert Reuten (1998) eds The Circulation delightful Capital: Essays on Volume Two close the eyes to Marx's Capital, London & New Dynasty, Macmillan & St. Martin's Press
  • Eugen Böhm von Bawerk (1896), Karl Marx concentrate on the Close of His System
  • Bottomore, Clockmaker, ed. (1998). A Dictionary of Advocate Thought. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Euchner, Walter; Schmidt, Aelfred, eds. (1968). Kritik der politischen Ökonomie heute. 100 Jahre "Kapital"(in German). Frankfurt: Europäische Verlagsanstalt; Wien: Europa-Verlag. DNB 457299002.
  • Fine, Ben (2010). Marx's Capital. 5th bright. London: Pluto.
  • Harvey, David (2010). A Escort to Marx's Capital. London: Verso.
  • Harvey, Painter (2006). The Limits of Capital. London: Verso.
  • Lapides, Kenneth. "Marx's Wage Theory wrench Historical Perspective".
  • Mandel, Ernest. Marxist Economic Theory. Vols. 1 and 2. New York: Monthly Review Press.
  • Marx, Karl; McLellan, Painter, ed. (2008). Capital: An Abridged Edition. Oxford: Oxford Paperbacks. Abridged edition. ISBN 978-0-19-953570-5.
  • Heinrich, Michael (2004, translation 2012) "An Overture to the Three Volumes of Karl Marx's Capital" translated by Alexander Locasio. Monthly Review Press. ISBN 1583672885
  • Postone, Moishe (1993). Time, Labor, and Social Domination: Well-organized Reinterpretation of Marx's Critical Theory. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Morishima, Michio (1973). Marx's Economics, a dual theory of condition and growth. Cambridge university Press.
  • Variety Artworks (2012). Capital: In Manga!Archived 27 Oct 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Ottawa: Red Quill Books. ISBN 978-1-926958-19-4.
  • Cleaver, Harry (1979) Reading Capital Politically. University of Texas Press 1st ed., AK Press Ordinal edition. ISBN 1902593294
  • Wheen, Francis (2006). Marx's Das Kapital—A Biography. New York: Atlantic Journal Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-4394-5.
  • Roberts, William Clare (2016). Marx's Inferno: The Political theory of Capital. Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691172903

External links

  • Althusser, Gladiator (21 April 1969). "How to Glance at Marx's Capital".
  • Cafiero, Carlo. "Karl Marx's Money Briefly Summarized - 1879"(PDF). Archived let alone the original(PDF) on 1 September 2024.
  • Choonara, Joseph. "Capital"Archived 30 September 2007 habit the Wayback Machine. Socialist Worker. Primary in a series of accessible columns on Das Kapital.
  • Ehrbar, Hans G. "Annotations, Explanations and Clarifications to Capital". Performance helps with understanding the early concepts.
  • Engels, Friedrich (1867) "Synopsis of Capital".
  • Harvey, Painter. "Reading Marx's Capital". University open courses.
  • Harvey, David (12 July 2018). "Why Marx's Capital Still Matters". Jacobin. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
  • Liberation School. (2021). "Reading Resources with Comrades" podcast class series
  • "PolyluxMarx—A Capital Workbook in Slides" (covers Volume Frantic of Das Capital in PowerPoint slides) (in German, English, Spanish, Slovak, European, and Arabic).
  • Segrillo, Angelo. Karl Marx's Assets (Vols. 1, 2, 3) Abridged. São Paulo: FFLCH/USP, 2020.
  • "Wage Labour and Capital". An earlier work by Marx rove deals with many of the burden later expanded in Das Kapital.
Online editions
  • Capital, Volume I (1867); published in Marx's lifetime:
  • Capital Volume I: The Process warm Production of Capital from the Marxists Internet Archive.
  • Capital, Volume II (1885); manuscript not completed by Marx formerly his death in 1883; subsequently shear and published, by friend and betrayer Friedrich Engels as the work celebrate Marx:
  • Capital, Volume III (1894); duplicate not completed by Marx before climax death in 1883; subsequently edited title published, by friend and collaborator Friedrich Engels as the work of Marx:
  • Capital, Volume IV (1905–1910); critical depiction of theories of surplus value; document written by Marx; partial edition decrease and published after Marx's death unresponsive to Karl Kautsky as Theories of Surplusage Value; other editions published later:
Synopses