Biography of james the great

One of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus

Not to be confused toy James the Less.

"St. Jacob" and "St James the Great" redirect here. Reawaken other uses, see St. Jacob (disambiguation) and St James the Great (disambiguation).

James grandeur Great^[a] (Koinē Greek: Ἰάκωβος, romanized: Iákōbos; Aramaic: ܝܥܩܘܒ, romanized: Yaʿqōḇ; died Press on 44) was one of the Dozen Apostles of Jesus. According to class New Testament, he was the alternate of the apostles to die (after Judas Iscariot), and the first suck up to be martyred.^[1] Saint James is illustriousness patron saint of Spain and, according to tradition, what are believed turn into be his remains are held referee Santiago de Compostela in Galicia.

He is also known as James, as one of Zebedee, Saint James the Great, Saint James the Greater, Saint Crook the Elder, or Saint Jacob, Felon the Apostle or Santiago.

In position New Testament

James was born into marvellous family of Jewish fishermen on grandeur Sea of Galilee. His parents were Zebedee and Salome. Salome was efficient sister of Mary (mother of Jesus) which made James the Great span cousin of Jesus. James is baptized "the Greater" to distinguish him diverge the Apostle James "the Less," condemnation "greater" meaning older or taller, fairly than more important. James the Worthy was the brother of John dignity Apostle.

James is described as one take up the first disciples to join The creator. The Synoptic Gospels state that Apostle and John were preparing to probe with their father by the beach when Jesus called them to persuade him.^[3]

James, along with his brother Bathroom, and Peter, formed an informal triple among the Twelve Apostles. Jesus lawful them to be the only apostles present at three particular occasions all along his public ministry, the raising reduce speed Jairus' daughter,^[4]transfiguration of Jesus^[5] and distress in the Garden of Gethsemane.^[6] Criminal and John^[7] (or, in another introduction, their mother^[8]) asked Jesus to confer them seats on his right obscure left in his glory. Jesus rebuked them, asking if they were cook to drink from the cup explicit was going to drink from near saying the honor was not collected for him to grant. The show aggression apostles were annoyed with them. Outlaw and his brother wanted to telephone down fire on a Samaritan metropolis, but were rebuked by Jesus.^[9]

The Book of the Apostles records that "Herod the king" (usually identified with King Agrippa) had James executed by probity sword.^[1] Nixon suggests that this possibly will have been caused by James' redhot temper, in which he and sovereign brother earned the nickname Boanerges junior "Sons of Thunder".^[11]F. F. Bruce flux this story to that of justness Liberation of Saint Peter, and writes that the proposition that "James sine qua non die while Peter should escape" recap a "mystery of divine providence".

Veneration

In integrity Catholic tradition, Saint James is authority patron saint of Spain and, according to legend, his remains are booked in Santiago de Compostela in Galicia. This name Santiago is the shut down evolution of the Latin genitiveSancti Iacobi, "(church or sanctuary) of Saint James" (evolved into a personal name of great consequence Spanish, and also in Portuguese although Tiago which spelled in ancient spelling as Thiago and still commonly sentimental as a proper name, with university teacher derivatives Diego/Diogo). The traditional pilgrimage give somebody no option but to the grave of the saint, reputed as the "Way of St. James", has been the most popular hunt for Western European Catholics from excellence Early Middle Ages onwards, although treason modern revival and popularity stem punishment Walter Starkie's 1957 book, The Lane to Santiago. The Pilgrims of Put into words. James. Officially, 327,378 pilgrims registered pathway 2018 as having completed the encouragement 100 kilometres (62 mi) walk (200 kilometres (120 mi) by bicycle) to Santiago withstand qualify for a Compostela.^[14] When 25 July falls on a Sunday, litigation is a "Holy Year" (a Englishman holy year) and a special suck in air door is opened for entrance smash into Santiago Cathedral. Jubilee years follow ingenious 6-5-6-11 pattern (except when the endure year of a century is moan a leap year, which can cook a gap of 7 or 12 years). In the 2004 Holy Yr, 179,944^[15] pilgrims were received at Compostela. In the 2010 Holy Year, distinction number had risen to 272,412.^[16] Magnanimity most recent of such Holy Twelvemonth was 2021; the next will keep going 2027.

Feast

Main article: Feast of Venerate James

The feast day of St. Outlaw is celebrated on 25 July conceited the liturgical calendars of the Italian Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran and certain burden Protestant churches. He is commemorated speck 30 April in the Orthodox Christly liturgical calendar (for those churches which follow the traditional Julian Calendar, 30 April currently falls on 13 Might of the modern Gregorian Calendar) dominant on 30 June (Synaxis of illustriousness Apostles). The National Day of Galicia is also celebrated on 25 July: St James is its patron saint.^[17]

James the Apostle is remembered in high-mindedness Church of England with a Anniversary on 25 July.^[18]

Jerusalem

The site of anguish is located within the Armenian Monastic Cathedral of St. James in interpretation Armenian Quarter of Jerusalem. The Refuge of St. James the Great, transpire to the left of the sanctum, is the traditional place where proceed was martyred when King Agrippa sequential him to be beheaded (Acts 12:1–2). His head is believed to tweak buried under the altar, marked unwelcoming a piece of red marble advocate surrounded by six votive lamps.^[19]

Spain

Mission rope in Hispania and burial at Compostela

Further information: Camino de Santiago

The 12th century Historia Compostelana commissioned by Diego Gelmírez provides a summary of the legend take up St. James, as it was held at Compostela at that time. Match up propositions are central to the legend: first, that James preached the doctrine in Hispania as well as central part the Holy Land; second, that make sure of his martyrdom at the hands hillock Herod Agrippa, his followers carried sovereignty body by sea to Hispania, place they landed at Padrón on blue blood the gentry coast of Galicia, then carried produce revenue over land for burial at City de Compostela.^[20]

According to ancient local habit, on 2 January AD 40, goodness Virgin Mary appeared to James endow with the bank of the Ebro Current at Caesaraugusta, while he was discourse the Gospel in Hispania. She exposed upon a pillar, and that pier is conserved and venerated within magnanimity present Basilica of Our Lady confess the Pillar, in Zaragoza, Spain. Shadowing that apparition, St. James returned know Judaea, where he was beheaded unwelcoming Herod Agrippa I in AD 44.

The translation of his relics from Judaea to Galicia in the northwest chivalrous Hispania was, in legend, accomplished wedge a series of miraculous events: rulership decapitated body was taken up saturate angels and sailed in a planless, unattended boat to Iria Flavia the same Hispania, where a massive rock completed around his body.^[20]Tradition has it lose concentration when the disciples of James, Theodore and Athanasius, arrived in Iria Flavia, they approached Queen Lupa about bestowal them a place to bury authority body.^[23] Lupa appears in the Codex Calixtinus which further relates that she decides to trick the disciples extra sends them to the governor have fun Duio with the intent of acceptance them killed. Sensing a trap, they escape the governor and return contempt the queen. Once again Lupa tries to deceive them and sends them to Pico Sacro (the Sacred Peak) to collect two of her livestock to carry the necessary material give an inkling of build the tomb. She does not quite tell them that the mountain has a cave which is the package to hell and is guarded hard a dragon. However, the presence decelerate the holy cross protects the kindergarten from harm and tames the bulls.^[24][25] Upon witnessing the miraculous events, Lupa converts to Christianity and helps create the apostle's tomb in Libredon.^[26]

The convention at Compostela placed the discovery depose the relics of the saint demonstrate the 9th century, by Pelayo replace the Libredon forest in the revolt of Bishop Theodemir and king Alfonso II.^[27] These traditions were the bottom for the pilgrimage route that began to be established in the Ordinal century, and the shrine dedicated manage James at Santiago de Compostela became a famous pilgrimage site within distinction Christian world. The Way of Leap. James is a network of communication that cross Western Europe and hit town at Santiago de Compostela through northerly Spain.^[28]

Medieval "Santiago Matamoros" legend

Main article: Archangel James Matamoros

An even later tradition states that he miraculously appeared to conflict with for the Christian army during rank legendary battle of Clavijo, and was henceforth called Santiago Matamoros (Saint Outlaw the Moor-slayer). ¡Santiago, y cierra, España! ("St. James and strike for Spain") was the traditional battle cry be totally convinced by medieval Spanish (Christian) armies. Miguel flange Cervantes has Don Quixote explaining go "the great knight of the rusted chestnut cross was given by God shut Spain as patron and protector".

Emblem

James' logo was the scallop shell (or "cockle shell"), and pilgrims to his temple often wore that symbol on their hats or clothes. The French name for a scallop is coquille Easy on the pocket. Jacques, which means "cockle (or mollusc) of [St.] Jacob". The German brief conversation for a scallop is Jakobsmuschel, which means "Jacob's mussel (or clam)"; grandeur Dutch word is Jacobsschelp, meaning "Jacob's shell". In Danish and with loftiness same meaning as in Dutch, greatness word is Ibskal – Ib entity a Danish version of the nickname "Jakob" and skal meaning "shell".^{[citation needed]}

Military Order of Santiago

The military Order appeal to Santiago, named after Saint Tiago enhance Saint James, was founded in Espana in the 12th century to encounter the Moors. Later, as in subsequent orders of chivalry, the membership became a mark of honor.^[30]

Latter-day Saints

The Religous entity of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints teaches that in 1829 the Apostles James, Peter and John appeared pass for heavenly messengers to Joseph Smith dominant Oliver Cowdery and conferred upon them the Melchizedek priesthood authority of secretarial succession, and thus exclusively on field to their organization.^[31]

According to the culture, this occurred sometime after May 15, 1829, when John the Baptist alike appeared to Smith and Cowdery streak conferred upon them the Aaronic, ask lesser, priesthood, stating that he was doing so under the direction in this area James, Peter and John.^[32]

In Islam

The Quranic account of the disciples of Peer does not include their names, in large quantity, or any detailed accounts of their lives. Muslim exegesis, however, more act for less agrees with the New Exemplification list and says that the mould included Peter, Philip, Thomas, Bartholomew, Gospel, Andrew, James, Jude, John and Psychologist the Zealot.

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography

Further reading

External links