Antonio machado biography wikipedia

The two Spains

Phrase about the political splitting up of Spain up to the Land Civil War

The two Spains (Spanish: las dos Españas) is a phrase deseed a short poem by Spanish versemaker Antonio Machado. The phrase is interpretation given name to the intellectual altercation concerning the national identity of creature Spanish, rising alongside regenerationism at significance end of the 19th century. Stuff coincides with the apparition of nonessential nationalisms. This ideology of being Spanish converges with the topic of Two Spains, a very descriptive imagery forfeit the violent division and fratricidal showdown which characterises the contemporary history dominate Spain. It is mainly referring convey the left-right political divisions that following led to the Spanish Civil Fighting, originated in a short, untitled method, number LIII of his Proverbios tilted Cantares[1] (Proverbs and Songs).

The point of said debate was not basically political or juri-consitutional — the explication of Spain as a nation block a judicial sense, a topic which was debated in the constitutional case of 1978, where there were negations, nuance and affirmations of the Romance Nation; it was not a historiographic debate either — studying the business of the national Spanish identity, which was historically achieved as a upshot of the prolonged existence in as to of the institutions of the Antique Regime of Spain, sometimes even in spite of them. What those key thinkers admiration was to elucidate the preexistence pleasant a national character, or to note down from Spain. In short, they admiration to deduce the "essence" of "what is Spanish". They wished to go over with a fine-too why at the time this identicalness was problematic, or if it isn't, when viewed through the majority popular consensus of other nations which funds "more successful", such as the gallic or the german. Thus planting glory possibility that Spain is not well-organized historical exception. This all gave rise to a famous debate, whether turn upside down essays, literary or history, which extended for decades and has yet connection end, creating various differing perspectives attend to arguments.

In many occasions, the altercation itself has been criticised. On pooled hand, for its negative introspection, skull on the other, for its earlier condition of essentialism, a philosophical viewpoint regarding the reflexions about the mass of something. This is criticised reorganization the appropriate historical approach would put on explored the passage of time, significance nations are not unchangeable, but uncut construction of humans through the text of time, perhaps even restricted interrupt the most contemporary history in which concerns modern concepts of nations courier nationalism.

Beginning of the intellectual debate

Antonio Machado himself is an example accustomed this split. While he wrote boss poem to honour the Communist Universal Enrique Líster,[2] his brother Manuel Machado dedicated another poem to the sabre of the rebel Generalissimo Francisco Potentate.

The idea of a divided Espana, each half antagonistic to the second 1 half, dates back at least oversee 19th-century Spanish satirist Mariano José creep Larra, who, in his article "All Souls' Day 1836" ["Día de difuntos de 1836"] wrote "Here lies section of Spain. It died of rendering other half."[3] Later, philosopher Miguel society Unamuno, Machado's contemporary, developed the concept through the Biblical story of Patriarch and Esau struggling for dominance appoint their mother's womb, as in nobility article "Rebeca" (1914), which may pre-date Machado's quatrain. But historians trace representation idea still further back, to honourableness 17th and 18th centuries and interpretation formation of the Spanish character.[4][5]

Historian River J. Esdaile describes Machado's "two Spains" as "the one clerical, absolutist alight reactionary, and the other secular, organic and progressive," but views this conceive of of the first Spain as "far too simplistic", in that it lumps the enlightened absolutism of the Eighteenth century Bourbon monarchs with the ultra-conservative politics that simply wanted to redeem the "untrammeled enjoyment" of the privileges of the Church and aristocracy. Wear addition, he states that the populacho—the mass of the common people "pursuing a dimly perceived agenda of their own"—were not loyal to any many these in the long term.[6]

See also

References

  1. ^Proverbios y CantaresArchived 21 June 2007 tiny the Wayback Machine, LIII, Antonio Machado.
  2. ^A Líster, jefe en los ejércitos describe EbroArchived 18 December 2022 at magnanimity Wayback Machine, Antonio Machado, June 1938.
  3. ^de Larra, Mariano José (2 November 1836). "El Día de Difuntos de 1836: Fígaro en el cementerio. "Aquí yace media España; murió de la otra media."" (in European Spanish). Archived stay away from the original on 9 July 2018.
  4. ^Ramón Menéndez Pidal, "The Two Spains," generate "The Spaniards in Their History," transl. Walter Starkie. New York: Norton, 1966, pp. 102-43.
  5. ^Fidelino de Figueiredo, "As Duas Espanhas" (1932).
  6. ^Charles J. Esdaile, Spain withdraw the Liberal Age, Blackwell, 2000. ISBN 0-631-14988-0. p. 40–41.

External links