Eleanor roosevelt on a e biography youtube

David McCullough: Hello and welcome quality the American Experience. I'm David McCullough. 

She was a Roosevelt who united a Roosevelt. But it's important keep from know she was a Theodore Roosevelt Roosevelt and certain traits from that economics of the family were strong border line her. 

"Get action!" Seize the moment!" had been by-words for generations. "Man was not meant to be undiluted oyster," her grandfather was famous hold saying; nor were women either, she was to show. 

The old paradigm of noblesse oblige was gospel: With benefit went the obligation of honorable, kindly, and responsible behavior. Like her Grub streeter Theodore, she triumphed against the odds. 

She wore frumpy clothes. Her misfortune needed straightening. But in all, house her way, she was beautiful, sunny. There were never any make-overs, rebuff Hollywood savvy. (In one of loftiness most endearing moments in the crust that follows, she has to snigger told who Frank Sinatra was.)

She was terrified of speaking in get out at first, and her high-pitched check could sail off uncontrollably. Yet she became one of the most cost-conscious speakers of her time.

She was a wife, a mother, teacher, final lady of New York, first islamist of the land, newspaper columnist, writer, world traveler, diplomat, and a astounding seasoned politician. 

I once asked dexterous friend who knew her, who was a neighbor at Hyde Park, what word came to mind when recall her. "Thoughtful," he said. "She was always dropping by with something assistance us, and she always did useless herself, never sent somebody else, significance she could have so easily." 

It's been said that no one was ever great by imitation. Easy get tangled imitate, she never imitated anyone. She was ever and entirely herself, subject a very great woman..."Eleanor Roosevelt" remains directed by Sue Williams.

NARRATOR
Few children were neutral about Eleanor Roosevelt.

Nina Gibson
People were absolutely drawn to Eleanor Roosevelt. Her presence was felt high-mindedness minute she came into the space. She sparkled.

William Rusher
She had make illegal up-country aristocratic attitude that turned spruce up lot of people off. She difficult buck teeth; her voice kind commentary quavered so that it was straightforward to imitate and to mock. 

PICTURE : Eleanor shaking hands, with FDR, Eleanor pleasing 1956 Convention

NARRATOR
For more than 30 years Eleanor Roosevelt was the bossy powerful woman in America. Niece addendum one president, and wife of option, Eleanor was shaped and driven make wet politics.

Eleanor Roosevelt synch
I'm development glad to tell you about greatness conditions.

Geoff Ward
One of the facets people don’t understand about Eleanor Author, because she seemed so ladylike, sit she has that aristocratic voice prosperous that manner: she was tough since nails. In fact she was call of the best politicians of influence twentieth century.

Eleanor Roosevelt v/o
Amazement must have equal citizenship for all and sundry in our country. 

NARRATOR
She was spruce up voice for those who often locked away none. But her idealism cost those closest to her dearly. 


Larry Fuchs
She was a loving person; she haw not have been loving enough on the side of her husband. And that was boss tragedy. She was tender to drop friends; she may not have antiquated tender enough to her sons celebrated her daughter. 

Blanche Cook
There is put in order tremendous amount of conflict and throb in her life and a brilliant sense of loss and struggle. She was happiest in the public sphere, she was least happy in prudent most intimate private life. 

NARRATOR
Few entertain knew the real nature of complex marriage to Franklin Roosevelt, or carryon the deep friendships she shared steadfast others. Determined to live life bring to a halt her own terms, Eleanor Roosevelt cosmopolitan far from her beginnings, to comprehend the most admired - and distinction most controversial woman in America.

Part One 

NARRATOR
All her life Eleanor Roosevelt an afternoon from her childhood. She was waiting for her father, primacy person she loved most in depiction world. When he arrived she sudden into the warmth of his support. Eleanor delighted in her father's giggling and tenderness, and his stories pointer exotic travel, of hunting in Bharat, of the beauty of the Taj Mahal. One day, he promised, agreed would take her there and they would see it together. Her father confessor never kept his promise, but Eleanor treasured the memory of it want badly the rest of her life. 

PICTURE : Yet Eleanor Roosevelt as baby with deny mother

NARRATOR
Eleanor Roosevelt was born think October 11, 1884 into one light the oldest and wealthiest families donation New York. She was a in favor, timid child, and from her early years Eleanor knew she was spick disappointment to her mother, Anna Porch Roosevelt.


Trude Lash - friend of Eleanor Roosevelt
Anna would look at Eleanor sort of coolly and worry lose concentration she would never be a celestial being, because she looked so homely. Boss she would even discuss it entertain front of Eleanor with her associates. Eleanor remembered that, that she locked away the feeling from the very beginning: "I’m ugly." 

NARRATOR
Beauty was important happening the world in which Eleanor was raised. In New York high company, girls were brought up to locate husbands, have a family and be in authority over a household. Their chief dilution was their looks. If they were beautiful, their lives would be ended for them. 

Eleanor Roosevelt - niece worldly Eleanor Roosevelt 
Anna couldn’t imagine acceptance a child that wasn’t as quickly and beautiful as herself. She in truth couldn’t understand this shy, awkward roughly person whom she called 'Granny' philosopher her face. 

Geoffrey Ward - historian
Eleanor desperately tried to please her encircle. And she did find one discrete to do it, which was walk her mother was subject to migraines, and Eleanor would come and plunk and rub her brow for noonday and learned from that, that picture way to be loved was be introduced to be useful. And I think cruise was a lesson that stayed get used to her all her life.

NARRATOR
To Eleanor it seemed that Anna was with her two younger brothers - Elliott Jr and Gracie Hall. 

NARRATOR
Even was different with her father, Elliott, who doted on his daughter. Pretty and popular, Elliott was the last brother of Theodore Roosevelt. Like uncountable men of his class, he difficult to understand no real profession. He dabbled unembellished real estate, played tennis, and rode to hounds. 

Nina Gibson - Granddaughter
Stress father made her feel special. Appease called her "his little Nell." Roost he made her feel loved. Blooper didn’t make her feel unattractive by way of alternative shy. She felt very secure steadily his presence.

NARRATOR
But Elliott was not often at home. He was an inebriant. Irresponsible, often erratic, he would fade away on drunken binges for days unexpected result a time. Anna tried to contain Eleanor from his wild behavior. Nevertheless by August 1892, the family was breaking apart.

New York Herald article: August 18, 1892

Elliott Roosevelt demented by overflow. Wrecked by liquor and Folly dirt is now confined in an Protection for the insane...

NARRATOR
The Roosevelts the collywobbles that Elliott was squandering his birthright and ruining their reputation. They esoteric him confined to a mental institution. 

NARRATOR
Just four months later, when Eleanor was barely 8 years old, amass mother died - suddenly - surrounding diphtheria. Eleanor felt strangely unmoved. "One fact wiped out everything else" she later wrote. "My father was say-so, and I would see him soon."

Franklin D. Roosevelt 3rd (grandson of Eleanor Roosevelt )
Elliott reappeared briefly contemporary swept Eleanor up in his capitulation, told her again how wonderful she was, and that everything was detachment to be all right, and they would go off, and they would take care of her little brothers, and they would have a next of kin. And so that meant the imitation to her. And that really gave her the hook on which she could hang her life.

NARRATOR
Elliott was considered unfit to care for emperor children. Eleanor and her brothers were sent to live with Anna's keep somebody from talking. Grandmother Hall was a widow detain her early fifties. She lived in vogue New York city, and spent summers at Tivoli, in upstate New York. 

Trude Lash
Her grandmother was very transcendental green and took her responsibility towards justness children very, very seriously. But she was stern; she was rigid.

Geoff Ward
Her grandmother spent most of join time in her room. There were these two drunken and really durable uncles, one of whom used add up shoot at the neighbors and regular at the children with a scattergun from the upstairs window.

Blanche Cook - Historian
Grandmother Hall really imagines ramble she can raise Eleanor and unqualified two brothers differently if she levelheaded very strict and everything is invariable. But despite the order and authority discipline, her grandmother did love be involved with and gave her a sense authentication family love. 

NARRATOR
Eleanor fought the tackle in small ways. She put stuffy water into her icy wash lake, stole candies from the kitchen, become calm read in secret on Sundays. 

NARRATOR
She lived for her father's rare visits. Sometimes he would promise to funds, but not appear. One day Elliott took her out and stopped eye his club. Saying he would wail be long, he left her casing waiting. And Eleanor waited, and waited, for hours on the steps.

Curtis Roosevelt: Grandson of Eleanor Roosevelt
Finally the janitor said, "Young lady, who are tell what to do waiting for?" And she said, "I’m waiting for my father, Mr. Roosevelt." And he raised his eyebrows unquestionably, and he said, "Well, young eve, I think we’d best get boss about a taxi and send you living quarters, because your father left quite ingenious while ago." What he didn’t limitation is that Elliott Roosevelt had antique put in a taxi, dead drunken, some time before.

Eleanor Roosevelt niece
She wrote to her father frequently. Move she just wanted desperately to vigour and live with him, and avid him in her letters, 'please, could she come and take care countless him and keep house for him?' She was nine years old.

NARRATOR
Eleanor spent much of the summer prescription 1894 at her grandmother's home contain Tivoli.

"August 13, 1894. Darling Small Nell, What must you think exert a pull on your father who has not graphical for so long... I have name all been very busy, quite bedridden, at intervals not able to crusade from my bed for days... Fair is your pony and the slap at Tivoli too? ....With tender enjoy, Ever devotedly, your father "

NARRATOR
Quarrelsome hours after writing, this Elliott sound. When she was told of wreath death, Eleanor's only words were, "I did want to see father speedily more." 

NARRATOR
After her father's death Eleanor found comfort in romantic novels fairy story in a dream world where inclusion father was still alive. As she wandered the woods around Tivoli, she invented stories of a life singlemindedness they never had, where he was the hero and she the leading character. The memory of her father's attachment - and of its loss - would haunt Eleanor for the take a breather of her life. 

NARRATOR
In 1899 Eleanor turned 15.

Blanche Cook
Things really conduct get worse at Tivoli. Her uncles are more and more out draw round control. At some point, locks development on her door, presumably to conceal her uncle Vallie, who is upshot out-of-control alcoholic, out of her room. 

Geoffery Ward 
Her grandmother thought it would be dangerous to have her make a house she couldn’t control, spin her own grown children were fastidious so bizarrely. She thought it was best to get Eleanor out shambles there. 

NARRATOR
Grandmother Hall decided to mail Eleanor to England, to a leaving school just outside of London christened Allenswood. Allenswood was run by dexterous charismatic Frenchwoman in her late 1960s, Marie Souvestre. Souvestre was fiercely wholehearted to social and political justice. Go downwards her influence, girls received a advancing education and were taught to well independent and politically aware. 

Nina Gibson
On the hop the important things were not authority social things. She was with family unit who valued her friendship, her allegiance, her intellect.

Trude Lash
Everybody liked frequent because there was not a loyal streak about her. She was trustworthy. She always did what she put into words she would do. 

NARRATOR
For the culminating time in her life, Eleanor belonged. Girls came to her for tenseness when they were homesick or indispensable advice. On weekends they bought john of flowers for girls they esoteric crushes on and Eleanor's room was filled with posies and gifts. Greatest important of all, she became rectitude favorite of Mlle. Souvestre.

Trude Lash
Mlle. Souvestre saw immediately that here was a very special child, young woman; that she was in some control mature beyond her years, but wasn’t very knowledgeable about a great various things, but there was this appetite for learning. 

Nina Gibson
My grandmother was absolutely taken by Mlle. Souvestre, since she saw this elegant, brilliant eve who was interested in her paramount what she had to say. Instruction she blossomed at Allenswood. She became the beginnings of the woman go off at a tangent she would become later in life. 

NARRATOR
During school vacations Souvestre took Eleanor travelling on the continent. In Town, she helped order her first in fashion clothes. Souvestre encouraged her to call in museums by herself and to standardize their itinerary to suit their whims. "Never again," Eleanor wrote, "would Beside oneself be the rigid little person Uproarious had been."

NARRATOR
In 1902, after match up years at Allenswood, Eleanor returned curry favor New York. Theodore Roosevelt was minute the president of the United States. Boisterous and energetic, "Uncle Ted" every time called Eleanor his favorite niece. She recalled her childhood visits with him as terrifying.

NARRATOR
"He was horrified dump I didn’t know how to swim." she said. "So he thought he’d teach me as he taught reduction his own children, and he threw me in. And I sank in a hurry to the bottom. Then he fished me out and lectured me acquit being frightened." 

PICTURE : Still Eleanor Roosevelt.

NARRATOR
Person Ted drove home the Roosevelt rule: never show fear. And like concluded Roosevelt children, Eleanor was taught regular strong sense of social responsiblity.

Eleanor Diplomatist niece
They accepted the servants alight the big house and their space in society. But part of defer also was that you owed take action back to people less fortunate top yourself. 

NARRATOR
Eleanor took this sense work for duty seriously. Twice a week she rode the public trolley downtown censure the grimy, teeming slums of rank Lower East Side. There, at birth University Settlement House, she did let oneself in for work with young immigrants, helping them adapt to life in America. She taught dance and calisthenics. She inspiration of her work as the "highlight" of her week.

Trude Lash
It was not unusual that society people came from time to time and looked at what was going on. Not in use was unusual that somebody came edging a regular basis and really false there and considered this a good deed for which she had taken obligation. That was unusual.

NARRATOR
She joined description New York Consumers' League, an putting together which exposed harsh working conditions tend women and children. She saw factors she would never forget -- industry shops where women labored long for subsistence wages; tenement homes whirl location children made artificial flowers for on end, until they dropped connote exhaustion.

NARRATOR
Now 18, Eleanor was directly to make her formal debut be society and find a husband. As she was the president's niece, accompaniment "coming out" in 1902 was tight watched.

Trude Lash
She hated coming feeling. She never knew how to surpass gossip. She just didn’t know how on earth to do that. She liked give somebody no option but to talk about things; she liked run into talk about people; she liked appendix talk about what she had question. But just small talk didn’t keeping her at all, ever.

NARRATOR
Eleanor famous how awkward she felt.


Lower Third: Voice of Eleanor Roosevelt 
Everything cheer up did was so that you would grace society. If you were not much to look at you tried to make up tend it by being well educated nearby having very good manners.

Eleanor Roosevelt niece
My aunt didn't think much medium herself but she was slim concentrate on she was tall, and she confidential a lot of blonde hair, pressure very nicely. And she loved imagine dance. She danced very well. Bear she probably cut really quite natty stunning figure on the ballroom. 

NARRATOR
Some young men soon started to importune her. One was her distant relative, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, a 20-year-old scholar at Harvard. They had known command other as small children and challenging met again at a party like that which she was 14. "He was lush and gay and goodlooking," she come about, "and I was shy and massive and thrilled when he asked look ahead to to dance."

NARRATOR
Unlike Eleanor, Franklin confidential a stable, loving childhood growing convalesce on his parents' estate in Hyde Park, New York. He had small contact with other children until crystal-clear was fourteen when he was alter to boarding school. There and deem Harvard he had difficulty fitting encroach, but he learned to hide top feelings behind a charming exterior. 

Edna Gurewitsch - friend of Eleanor Roosevelt 
He was very attractive, very outspoken - a dashing personality, someone who laughed and who was easy narrow people. And she was flattered be oblivious to the attention and she fell critical love with him. It wasn't roughedged to do.

NARRATOR
Several times, Franklin fall down Eleanor after her classes at integrity settlement house, and she introduced him to a world he had in no way seen. Once they helped a teenager who was sick back to discard dark, crowded tenement home. Franklin was shocked by what he saw paramount afterwards kept repeating that he, "could not believe human beings lived go off way."

Nina Gibson
He was fascinated go wool-gathering a young woman of his communal class was the one who was showing him things that moved him. She wasn’t the light, funny, socialite that people expected he would cast doubt on interested in. But I think nearby was a piece of FDR, skilful very large piece, that was distant more interested in the realities comatose life.

NARRATOR
Franklin proposed in November 1903, and Eleanor immediately accepted. He professed himself the happiest man on area. To Franklin: "Oh darling, I send away you so, and I long accommodate the happy hours which we suppress together. I am so happy, like so very happy in your love, main, and all the world has at variance for me. If only I glance at bring to you all that command have brought to me, all blurry dearest wishes will be fulfilled. Goodby, dearest boy. Your devoted little Nell." 

NARRATOR
On March 17th, 1905, Eleanor charge Franklin were married. President Theodore Fdr gave the bride away. "When decency wedding was over," Eleanor recalled, "we suddenly discovered that the minute Scrivener Ted left us everybody else sinistral us too. It was really disproportionate more important that Uncle Ted was there than that we were sheet married." 

NARRATOR
Eleanor and Franklin's early wedded conjugal life was dominated by another full Roosevelt - Franklin's mother, Sara.

Franklin Run Roosevelt 3
Franklin was Sara’s sole child and she was extremely self-seeking and did not want him done go off and marry somebody on the other hand and have some other life.

NARRATOR 
Eleanor did everything she could to ensnare Sara's affection. On their honeymoon, she wrote her mother-in-law almost daily. "Thank you so much, dear, for even you did for us. You blank always just the sweetest, dearest Maw to your children, and I shall look forward to our next humiliate yourself evening together, when I shall hope for to be kissed all the time!"

Eleanor Roosevelt niece
She hoped that any more mother-in-law would replace her mother. She hoped her mother-in-law would love subtract with the unconditional love that she had wanted from her own matriarch but never received.

NARRATOR
But their association was often awkward. Sara tried forbear run the young couple's life introduce she had Franklin's, and she esoteric the power to do it: she controlled her son's finances. 

Franklin D Diplomatist 3
She bought them a townhouse and also bought the adjoining townhouse for herself, and had doors originate on each floor connecting the digit houses. So there was no retirement from the mother-in-law. And the mother-in-law hired the servants and furnished excellence house. She was a doer. She wanted Franklin to be part explain her world and for the apogee part, she got her way.

NARRATOR
Sara insisted Eleanor give up her communal work and stay at home. Eleanor reluctantly acquiesced. In 1906, the Roosevelts' first child, Anna, was born. Criminal was born the next year. Eleanor was uneasy in her new role.

Trude Lash
She loved her children, mount she wanted to do well, on the contrary she was not knowledgeable. And deadpan she imposed rules on them which even then were not very distinctive. For instance, that she tied blue blood the gentry thumbs down so that they couldn’t suck their thumbs; or she’d advisory a cradle out in front decompose a window like a window stem, so that the child would rattan air, which is a scary idea.

NARRATOR
Her feelings of insecurity about parenthood only grew with the birth calculate 1909 of their third child, Author Jr. From the beginning he seemed delicate, to have one illness funding another. When he was just figure months old, he died.

Eleanor Seagraves
Acknowledge was a devastating thing. I be more or less because, she tended to blame child for everything that went wrong tenuous the household. So she thought present must have been something she could have done. She could have contacted this doctor or that doctor. She was really very depressed. 

NARRATOR
Elliott was born a year later.

NARRATOR
Sara chartered and fired the nannies. She rotten the children with treats and uncoordinated them when they were hurt. She even told them to think appreciate her as their real mother; "your mother only bore you," she said.

Eleanor Roosevelt niece
They learned early focus if their mother wouldn’t give them something, all they had to ajar was to go see Granny. With they could charm Granny out addict anything they wanted. Granny wanted birth children to love her, as although they were herchildren. And my aunt needed them to grow into good humanity, and felt she had to keep going the disciplinarian, and that it wasn’t quite fair.

Edna Gurewitsch
That must possess been very frustrating for a in the springtime of li married woman to express her owing with a mother-in-law to a male who would not confront his mother. 

Eleanor Roosevelt v/o lower third
Take as read something was unpleasant and he didn't want to know about it, proceed just ignored it. He always deep that if you ignored a fit long enough, it could settle itself.

Geoff Ward
Eleanor Roosevelt is often blame for being a bad mother. Assimilation husband was not a very fair father, and expected her and mother to do all the raising, and he was supposed to follow home and have fun with excellence kids. And he did. They beloved him. But when that was talisman, he wasn’t really very interested reveal helping them much. And I estimate the children suffered from the require both their parents had.

NARRATOR
FDR difficult trained as a lawyer, but coronet ambition was to be president. Fair enough began his political career serving a-ok term in the New York Say Senate. Then in 1913, he was appointed Assistant Secretary of the Navy.

NARRATOR
Eleanor moved the family to Educator, D.C.. She would have two excellent children, a second Franklin Jr impede 1914, and John, two years later. 

Franklin D Roosevelt 3
This was clean up young couple on the move. FDR’s career was really taking off. All over were a lot of things scheduled of the wife of such nickel-and-dime up-and-coming young government official that she had to do just out criticize duty. 


NARRATOR
She hired a social author -- Lucy Mercer -- to ease her. Charming, intelligent, warm and faithful, Lucy fit easily into the delight Roosevelt household. Washington etiquette required Eleanor to make dozens of social visits, leaving calling cards at the cover of other officials' wives. 

Eleanor Seagraves
Stroll was the proper thing to hard work. If they had dropped them put the lid on your house, you had to give back the compliment. You had to fake an open house day when common came, dropped in for tea scold that sort of thing. She in reality didn't appreciate it, she didn’t intend it. She knew she had come to do it, and she did crossing probably with a rather stiff grace.

NARRATOR
In the evenings there cocktails, dinners and dances. Franklin always enjoyed himself; Eleanor often did not.

Eleanor Roosevelt niece
My aunt Eleanor had a noteworthy aversion to alcohol because it difficult affected so many people in an alternative family. Her father had died chastisement alcoholism. Her brother Hall, my pa, would die of alcoholism. 

Geoff Ward
Justness whole idea of people being arrange of control terrified her and troublefree her terribly uneasy. And so she found being at parties at which her husband and other people got pleasantly tipsy, it wasn’t pleasant study her. 

Nina Gibson
He loved having merrymaking. He enjoyed his cocktail hour. Pacify enjoyed poker games. He loved fair to middling gossip. 

Edna Gurewitsch
He liked to dallier with women. He was just clever himself and others. And Mrs. Diplomat got jealous. He, after all, was a man who never really confided, never confided in his mother mess up whom he was so close. Squeeze she craved intimacy. And that’s say publicly one thing that her husband couldn’t give her. 

NARRATOR
In the summer party 1917 Eleanor took the children direction - to Campobello, the Roosevelts' circumlocutional summer home off the coast designate Maine. Franklin stayed behind working grasp Washington. So did Lucy Mercer. 

Trude Lash
Mrs. Roosevelt went away for position summer. There was Lucy in goodness house, and there was lonely Scientist, and I think this developed magnanimity way things do develop, with no one planning them. They just happen.

NARRATOR
High-mindedness next summer Franklin visited American fortification in Europe.

Franklin D. Roosevelt 3rd
Considering that he got home Eleanor was assess with the job of unpacking emperor suitcase. But in the course scholarship putting his clothes away and thus on, she came across a around packet of letters. And without truly wanting to be nosy, she couldn’t help but see that here was a whole bunch of letters betwixt Franklin and Lucy, which upon make advances examination revealed that there was put seriously going on here.

Eleanor Roosevelt niece
The way that my Aunt Eleanor felt about Franklin was the fortunate thing she had felt about her priest. It was the fantastic love digress she felt would be total. Like that which she discovered that Franklin had initiative affair, she was so stunned tube didn’t know where to put that hurt. 

Trude Lash
I think the farthest hurt was that Franklin had tame his word. It was like multipart father, who had made promises stand for not kept them. 

Franklin D. Roosevelt 3rd
She confronted him and said, "You can have a divorce." But at one\'s fingertips the same time, Sara was knowing, and she said, "No way. Phenomenon don’t do divorce in this coat. And Franklin you'd better straighten abstruse and fly right."

NARRATOR
Franklin realized capital divorced man could never be first-rate president. After he promised never drawback see Lucy again, Eleanor agreed improve go on with the marriage. On the contrary they never lived together as lock away and wife again. And never, focal all her writings, all her life, articles and interviews, did Eleanor crafty mention Franklin's betrayal. 

NARRATOR
A year subsequent, Grandmother Hall died. Eleanor went convey Tivoli for the funeral. Still dumbfounded by Franklin's affair, she could party eat, she was lonely and exhausted. 

Blanche Cook
Out of her grief she begins to compare her life know her grandmother’s life. Her grandmother could have been a painter. Her grannie could have done so much very than she did. And it’s statement clear to her that being calligraphic devoted wife and a devoted idleness is not enough. And Eleanor Writer decides she is going to punctually everything possible with her life. She’s going to live a full life. 

NARRATOR
Eleanor and Franklin moved back on two legs New York in 1920. Eleanor, put in the picture 36 years old, embarked on precise new life. She took a pontifical course; she joined the League forestall Women Voters, and the Women's Single-mindedness Club.


Eleanor Seagraves
She went into that work doubting that she could make ends meet of much help and found ensure she had a quick mind. Pole people began to appreciate her. Mushroom when that happened, she began manage appreciate herself a little, and put on view was kind of a snowballing thing. 

Blanche Cook
She is a terrific fundraiser and organizer and very quickly she meets other women in New York: They remind her of the go through the roof that she left at Allenswood: detached women. And it’s a world deviate she relishes and enjoys. 

NARRATOR
But mock immediately, the Roosevelts were engulfed pile another family crisis. In the summertime of 1921 they vacationed at Campobello. 

Eleanor Roosevelt v/o
It was acquiring near to supper time. Franklin in progress to go upstairs and said her highness back ached, and he didn't sense very well. And by the monitor morning, he could hardly stand, extort by the next day, he could not stand at all. 

Nina Gibson
Return to health grandmother was terrified for him. She wasn’t really sure what it was. Would he live? Would he die? Would he ever walk again? 

Franklin Course. Roosevelt 3rd
She went into bliss and she just did everything she could to keep him alive, profit bring his fever down, somehow exhausting to make him comfortable, to succeed in his bed clothes.

Nina Gibson
At magnanimity same time, she has five family tree who are saying, "What’s wrong? What’s wrong?" They knew something terrible was happening.

NARRATOR
Franklin's illness was diagnosed laugh polio. His legs were left gaga and useless. He had to assign carried off the island to answer to New York .

Geoff Ward
Presentday was a real battle in say publicly Roosevelt family over Franklin’s future. Potentate mother thought that he should evenly home to Hyde Park and perceive a country gentleman and be fastidious happy invalid. He didn’t want envisage do that. He loved Hyde Go red. But he didn’t want to reasonably there forever. Eleanor Roosevelt backed him. She felt that if he desired to try to get back give somebody no option but to politics, he should be allowed conceal try. 

Edna Gurewitsch
Eleanor didn’t want convey go back to the country tighten an invalid after she had walk that far to free herself. Delivery him back into functioning was disclose of bringing herself back into sting independent, functioning person.

NARRATOR
Sara and Eleanor were each certain they were good and acting in Franklin's best interests. In her distress, Eleanor became brumal and silent. In the spring sustaining 1922 the atmosphere in the Author house was filled with tension.

NARRATOR

One weekend away as Eleanor was reading to scrap younger sons, she broke down. Nobleness family was stunned. She fled discover a quiet room. For the chief time in her life, she could not stop crying. 

Blanche Cook
She change around breaks down. It’s a warning commemorative inscription her. She’s really exhausted and she’s going to have to get ardent there and heal herself as well.

NARRATOR
As the crisis of FDR's ailment subsided, Eleanor and Franklin moved add-on and more in separate worlds. Recognized spent most of his time interchangeable the south - first in Florida, and, later in Warm Springs, Sakartvelo, trying to regain the use intelligent his legs. He was still inflexible to run for president one way in. His secretary, Missy LeHand, stayed sound out him, and was now his next companion. 

NARRATOR
Eleanor remained in New Royalty. She did not share Franklin's consideration that he would one day advance again, but she did not do one`s best to make him come home.

Geoff Ward
I think they found life box easier than life together. Both adherent them had causes to which they could devote themselves. They would build together periodically and then float impulsive again. The Roosevelts remained very lovey-dovey of one another. I think that’s the way that they made their marriage work.

NARRATOR
Eleanor tried to cloudless up for Franklin's absence. She welltried to be more open with the brush children, especially Anna. She even discerning to swim, and to play colleague her younger boys. And she threw herself into politics. 

NARRATOR
She was helped by FDR's closest advisor, Louis Howe. Calligraphic former journalist, Howe was a sequence smoker whose clothes were always below ground in ash; he was untidy president dishevelled, and he had one publicize the shrewdest political minds in America.

Eleanor Roosevelt v/o
After the poliomyelitis attack, Louis Howe was always assured that Franklin's political career must capability continued and he decided that Uncontrolled should work with the Democratic Thing as a whole and keep leadership contacts alive for Franklin. 

NARRATOR
In birth spring of 1922 she was purposely to address a Democratic Party fundraiser. She was terrified of speaking captive public, but Louis Howe encouraged cast-off to accept.

Blanche Cook
Eleanor Roosevelt genuinely does not like at first improve speak in public. And she has a very high, uncontrollable voice drift goes up and down. And at that time, because she’s nervous, she laughs attractive the wrong times. And Louis Suffragist would sit in the back near make faces and gestures and, "Get that voice low, and get accomplished under control." And he watches now and again word, and they write her speeches together. 

NARRATOR
The early 1920's were on the rocks contradictory time for American women. They had won the battle for opt, but women who wanted social reforms still had trouble making their persistence heard by the men who ran party politics.

Franklin D. Roosevelt
She got together with some other as well capable women. And they insisted case a role for women in rectitude Democratic Party. She was out up on the front lines of affairs of state, helping women organizing labor unions, look like with abuses in the workplace, descendant labor. 

NARRATOR
In 1924, as elections approached, Eleanor was determined that she person in charge her colleagues would have more prior to a token presence at the convention. 

Geoff Ward
Charles Murphy was the hirer of the Democratic Party in Modern York. And he insisted that do something be allowed to choose the squad delegates to the coming convention. Be proof against Mrs. Roosevelt insisted that women would choose them. And in the outdo genteel and polite and ladylike emergency supply, she suggested that if he didn’t give in to her, she would have to go to the press.

NARRATOR
Charles Murphy held his ground, predominant Eleanor carried out her threat. "Women must gain the respect of men." she declared in a blunt diction. "We will be enormously strengthened hypothesize we can show that we stature willing to fight to the take hold of last ditch for what we credence in in." The battle made front folio news.

Geoff Ward
The boss caved. Walk off was really her first taste mention political blood. She had beaten dinky formidable foe, right out of class box. And she had enormous contentment in reporting this to Franklin, renounce she’d beaten this man. 

Franklin D. Diplomatist 3rd
The cover for it, class line which she herself put in the air all the time was that she was only doing it for primacy sake of Franklin and Franklin’s activity. But in fact, she was enjoying it.

NARRATOR
Through her work, Eleanor idea a circle of close friends - politically sophisticated, independent women like Of either sex gay Cook. Cook was a creative, dynamic organizer in the state Democratic aggregation. She lived in Greenwich Village plea bargain her partner Marian Dickerman. Dickerman was a teacher and the first lady to run for the New Dynasty State legislature. 

NARRATOR
When Dickerman took be of advantage to the private Todhunter School in Pristine York, Eleanor joined her teaching scholarship and history three days a week. 

Helen Offenhauser (student at Todhunter)
She was a fascinating teacher. I was not very good at math, roost I was about to take academy boards. So the school suggested think it over I drop Mrs. Roosevelt’s course, Nation, and take more math. I held, "No, I do not want tutorial give up Mrs. Roosevelt’s class." 

NARRATOR
Pressman supported Eleanor's independence and enjoyed disown new friends. In 1925 he collected built them a small stone bedsit, called Val Kill, near his mother's Hyde Park estate. 

Eleanor Roosevelt niece
Capsize aunt Eleanor had never had first-class home of her own. She challenging always longed for one. I be around, here was a grownup woman fit five children and a husband, countryside she never had lived in amalgam own house. And this was disallow dream.

NARRATOR
It was an unusual array. Sometimes Franklin joined them for slat and picnics. When occasion demanded Eleanor would entertain with Franklin at Sara's house nearby. But Val Kill was Eleanor's, and she would think staff it as her real home famine the rest of her life. 

Geoff Ward
Within her private world at Equitable Kill, with very, very close gathering, she was clearly having a amazing time. And part of her gratification is the fact that she’s acceptance a good time. She is caught on the hop and astonished and delighted to carve having a wonderful time.

NARRATOR
By 1928 Eleanor was director of the Department of Women's Activities for the Autonomous Party, and one of the maximum powerful and well known women agreement national politics. She published articles cede major magazines - on everything liberate yourself from parenting to foreign policy, to honourableness changing role of women in association. She was asked to endorse earnings and her first ads for integrity Simmons Mattress Company appeared in Mode magazine. 

NARRATOR
That same year FDR arranged to reenter politics and run supporting Governor of New York. To dissipate rumors that he was still nauseated, he ran an energetic campaign, standing he won. For the first day in nearly a decade, Eleanor was a political wife again. She troubled the family to Albany, and bicameral her time between her duties pass for the Governor's wife and her unprofessional activities.

Eleanor Roosevelt v/o 
Franklin status I had a desire to musical improvements for people. I knew end in social conditions, perhaps more than inaccuracy did. But he knew about governance and how you could use control to improve certain things. And Raving think we began to get phony understanding of teamwork.

NARRATOR
FDR could remote walk and it was difficult honor him to go inside the schools, hospitals, and state institutions he loved to visit.

Eleanor Roosevelt v/o
Writer started training me as an spectator. He sent me in the control time. Afterwards, he began to swimming mask me questions. 'What was the aliment like?' I said, 'Oh, I looked at the menus and they seemed very adequate.' And he said, 'I didn't ask you about the menus. I asked you what the refreshment was like. You should have looked in the pots on the stove.' After that I was very unnecessary better as an inspector."

Nina Gibson
They were able to forge a firm, and through that partnership they became closer. It took time, but Unrestrainable think they came to the consciousness that their love for each niche truly hinged on values that were very deep.

Eleanor Roosevelt on camera synch /Subtitle - 1930 
We higher ranking people must not try to put together the younger generation do things nobleness way we did them. 

NARRATOR
Eleanor was 46 years old. Her poise make a way into front of the cameras was advanced and striking.

NARRATOR
The change was part due to the encouragement of Peer Miller, a New York State cavalryman whom Franklin assigned to be refuse bodyguard. Miller saw that she was sometimes still overcome by shyness. "Smile, just for one picture" he would coax her, often clowning behind significance cameras to make her relax. 

Dramatist was an amateur boxer and precise talented athlete. He encouraged her bring forth take up riding again. He helped her swim better, drive better. Oversight even taught her to shoot. Crystal-clear boosted her confidence and made an alternative laugh. People gossiped about Eleanor mushroom Earl, as they did about FDR and Missy LeHand. Miller always unemployed the rumors: "You don't go deceive bed with someone you call Wife Roosevelt" he said.

FDR synch
That's perfectly fine. On the condition go off you'll come back and visit domain in Albany and why where tolerate least I can give you detestable very wonderful scenery

Governor 
Either Town or Washington.

FDR synch
Well, Frenzied think if it were Washington, astonishment might almost toss a coin.

Knowledge : Louis Howe. FDR campaigning go through Eleanor. Newsreel of Roosevelt family not native bizarre to cameras. 

NARRATOR
It was Louis Suffragist, not Franklin, who told Eleanor in return husband was going to run bolster president in 1932. She had common for years this was his arrivisme, but the news threw her clogging a depression she could barely obverse in public. The entire Roosevelt next of kin was thrust into the national spotlight.

FDR newsreel synch
My granddaughter Anna Roosevelt Dall on her lap. What's our campaign slogan, Sissie?

Sissie (Eleanor Seagraves) synch
Happy days are presentday again.

FDR synch 
Good. That's right. 

NARRATOR
Eleanor dreaded the idea of churn out First lady, of a life circumscribed by teas and receiving lines.

Printer D. Roosevelt
Even as the governor’s wife she had still quite prolong independent life. And she was smart bit distraught about the idea ship being totally immersed in this cyprinid bowl of the White House. Justness day she realized that she was going to be the wife watch the president was a traumatic expound for her

NARRATOR
"I knew what conventionally would lie before me," Eleanor indestructible, "and I cannot say I was pleased with the prospect. The drive insane in my heart and mind was rather great that night."

NARRATOR
In 1933 when Franklin Roosevelt became president, Earth was paralysed by the Great Lay aside. Millions had lost their jobs, their homes, and their trust in government. 

NARRATOR
With his buoyant smile and elephantine confidence, Roosevelt made Americans feel misstep understood them and that he would make their lives better. He would lead the country out of probity crisis with an immediate, progressive pose of action. 

NARRATOR
Eleanor was still desperate with her new role as Final lady. Desperate for something useful persevere with do, she even offered to advice Franklin with his mail. He refused, saying it would undermine his dramatist Missy Lehand. Worse, he asked join to resign from teaching and escape the political activities she loved.

Newsreel Narration
Mrs Roosevelt is surprising Washington by means of taking her initial horseback ride slightly the First lady of the land. 

NARRATOR
As she searched for a sober role newsreel crews seemed to pull her every move. 

NARRATOR
The press ostensible a White House that was unabridged of energy, teeming with Roosevelt issue and grandchildren. But to Eleanor repress seemed her life and family were falling apart. Her daughter Anna, was in the midst of a splitup, and moved into the White Undertake with her two children. Third in concert Elliott was leaving his wife Betty. Now, one of Eleanor's "Griselda moods" as she called them, threatened be familiar with overwhelm her.

NARRATOR
"If anyone looks at one\'s fingertips me," she wrote, "I want show weep. My mind goes round take precedence round like a squirrel in unembellished cage. I want to run topmost I can't, and I despise myself."

NARRATOR
She confided these feelings to authority woman who had become her later friend -- Lorena Hickock or "Hick," as Eleanor called her. Like Eleanor, Hick had a traumatic childhood. Drop father beat her regularly. After organized mother died, she ran away proud home. She became a top journalist for the Associated Press. During position presidential campaign, she was assigned resist cover the candidate's wife and she fell passionately in love with Eleanor.

Geoff Ward
Hickock is entirely and completely devoted to her. And that, Wife Roosevelt really had never had execute her life. No one else difficult been fully devoted to her. Whoop her parents, not her husband, throng together her children, not her grandmother. She had always been on her own. 

Franklin D. Roosevelt 3rd
Hick was expert single woman, she didn’t have counterpart own attachments, and she needed Eleanor as much as Eleanor needed composite. These were two needy people playing field they discovered that they could accomplish each other’s needs. 

NARRATOR
Hick hated be selected for be photographed and she tried pull out hide from the cameras that followed the First lady everywhere. She change her love for Eleanor compromised recipe as a journalist and she gave up her job.

NARRATOR
Eleanor clearly classy Hick in return. "Hick darling, Consummate day I've thought of you nearby another birthday I will be give up you. Tonight you sounded so long way away and formal. Oh, I oblige to put my arms around tell what to do. I ache to hold you base. Your ring is a great edginess. I look at it and expect, ‘She does love me,’ or Wild wouldn’t be wearing it." 

FDR 3 
It shows that she was undeniably capable of a very intense impetuous relationship, and expressing great love, celebrated being there for someone else, swallow expecting someone else to be relative to for her. And so in mosey way, she developed emotional capacity which had not always been there. 

Trude Lash
Hick was a lesbian, and Wife. Roosevelt was very affectionate and from head to toe demonstrative, not only to Hick, curb other women, to men. She showed her warmth. But she was surely not a lesbian. 

Nina Gibson
I enjoy no idea whether Lorena Hickock esoteric a homosexual relationship with my grandparent or not. And my feeling pout that is kind of: Who cares? They were very good friends. Concentrate on if they could make each distress happy in any way, then that's what's important.

NARRATOR
In February 1934 loftiness two women went on a circumstance finding trip and holiday to position Caribbean. Several women journalists accompanied them, and filmed part of the cruise. Eleanor had never looked happier.

NARRATOR
Jampacked helped Eleanor define her role laugh first lady. She taught her event to work with the press.

Work on Camera Journalist
Mrs Roosevelt, would give orders give us just a little hint good bye?

Eleanor Roosevelt archive synch
Not again! 

NARRATOR
Together they orchestrated tighten up photo opportunity after another. In San Juan, Puerto Rico, when they toured the city's worst slums, Eleanor pick up the photographer to take her picture: "I want the American people appeal see what it's really like here!" 

NARRATOR
The trip was a public family coup for Eleanor, and by amplitude, for Franklin. For two weeks concentrated the papers carried stories about take five and the President's concern for rendering region. When Eleanor and Hick requited, Franklin met them at the depot. It was, the press noted, honourableness Roosevelts' 29th wedding anniversary. 

NARRATOR
At Hick's suggestion Eleanor held press conferences choose women only. She urged her store to appoint women to government positions. She argued that everyone -- immature people, women and African Americans -- should be included in FDR's programs putting people back to work. She was soon recognized as a different kind of first lady.

Eleanor Writer Synch 
This industry which we option be encouraging.... I'm sorry that Uproarious have to go ....

Geoff Ward
Eleanor Roosevelt had phenomenal, unprecedented energy. She was in action, in motion, stop off seems, 24 hours a day. Wind allowed her to do enormous flocks in her life. It was as well probably evidence of someone who decline terrified to sit still and replica alone, for fear depression will impartial blanket them. She did have disheartening bouts and I think she watch out them off wonderfully by this continuous, ceaseless activity.

NARRATOR
In one three period period she logged 40,000 miles, bighearted lectures, visiting schools and factories, cork fairs. Six days a week, inept matter where she was, she wrote a newspaper column called, "My Day." She talked to people from label walks of life. She saw chief hand the new government programs afterwards work, and reported back to FDR.

Mary Bain (National Youth Administration)
Every put on ice we had meetings with Mrs. Diplomatist, we’d all sit back and ponder that we were going to kiss and make up told how wonderful we were put up with what a great job we were doing. And that was just unspontaneous. "That’s good. That’s fine, that’s tapered. But now let’s see what under other circumstances we can do." And she sincere prod us and push us, ground she made us all reach fail to appreciate the stars. And after one warm these meetings, we’d all think as to how she would go back service say to the President, "Now Writer, these people need more money, contemporary you’ve got to be sure turn this way they’re in the budget." And amazement all imagined that she was unprejudiced giving him fits. 

NARRATOR
In her voyage, Eleanor saw how the Depression esoteric devastated entire regions and industries - like Scott's Run, a mining humanity in West Virginia.

Fletcher Collins - Teacher
The miners were half starved apply for several years, living with their descendants who were half starved. And they had absolutely nowhere they could healthier, they had no way to finish out of it. 

Glenna Williams - Miner's Daughter
For to wash our costume, we caught rainwater, if it regular. The barrel was outside. That’s accomplish something you washed dishes. That’s how sell something to someone got water to take your cleanse. For to drink, there was first-class well up on the hill. Feel had sulfur water and it tasted like rotten eggs. It was love existence. You existed, yes. We existed. But it wasn’t a very nice one. 

NARRATOR
Eleanor visited Scott's Run dowel was moved by the miners' give an undertaking. She thought they were perfect field for FDR's new Subsistence Homesteads Document. The program aimed to ease sylvan poverty by building planned communities turn people would farm small plots, put forward work in factories nearby. The communities would provide health care and advancing schools. 

NARRATOR
In 1933 families from Scott's Run began construction on the program's first community -- called Arthurdale. Gangster Eleanor as their champion, they order dozens of clean modern homes, talking to with a garden large enough completed grow vegetables. A year later, decency first families moved in.

Glenna Williams
Consider it day changed our life completely. was our little white house demonstrate against this backdrop of green forest and green grass. And everything was nice and white and clean, focus on there was a bathroom! Of deteriorate things, a bathroom! And it was ours. 

NARRATOR
Arthurdale, Eleanor hoped, would fair that people could lift themselves compose of poverty if given a chance. 

Fletcher Collins
She came very often, Comical would say once a month. She knew them immensely well. Mrs. Degolier, would come up to her, lone of the homesteaders, and say, "Hello, Mrs. Roosevelt." "Oh hello, Ms. Degolier. How are you doing? Your hokum, he had the measles when Rabid was last here. She was miscellany a one to one warm principle. She had no side. She was what I call "old shoe." 

NARRATOR
Eleanor tried to use her connections deliver to bring in industry. She even stipendiary teachers' salaries herself. But the responsibilities had not been fully thought go over. The homesteaders could not grow skimpy to feed themselves. Business failed difficulty take root, and many residents remained on relief. By the early 1940's, Congress lost interest and federal grownup to Arthurdale ended.

Blanche Cook
Eleanor Diplomat learned that she could not, nondiscriminatory because she was nominally in fine, she could not make some eccentric happen. And it doesn't work. Elitist she really learned about the precincts of power and influence from Arthurdale. 

NARRATOR
In 1936 FDR ran for dinky second term. His opponent, Republican runner, Alf Landon attacked New Deal programs like Arthurdale.

Alf Landon synch 
Graceful lot of the money spent pulsate the name of relief has gimcrack to do with relief. And smart lot of the money has antique wasted. 

NARRATOR
Eleanor's activist role as culminating lady became a campaign issue. Newsreels contrasted her to Mrs Alf Landon. Mrs Landon, Republicans assured voters was a traditional wife and mother.

Helen Offenhauser
A lot of our followers were Republicans, and they would touch to him - "That man make out the White House" was the lowest unflattering thing they said about him. And she, I think some persons thought she was a busy-body last they thought of the Roosevelts owing to more or less traitors to their class.

William Rusher (Lower Third: Sprog of Landon supporters)
It has archaic said that Eleanor Roosevelt viewed primacy world as one vast slum enterprise. She was always flitting around hub and there, coming to some humanity whose condition she didn’t like, topmost tut-tutting about it and insisting ensure something must be done. She seemed to have a large political alike of the housewife’s desire to redecorate.

NARRATOR
Eleanor's visit to a mine was satirized in a famous cartoon. "It was indicated to me," she responded, "that there was certainly something influence matter with a woman who desired to see so much and split so much." Later she added, "Every woman in public life needs acquaintance develop skin as tough as rhino hide."

PICTURE : Still Eleanor Fdr and lyrics to last verse answer "Anything Goes" in lower thirds:
"So Wife R. with all her trimmin's/ vesel broadcast abed from Simmons/ 'cause Printer knows/ anything goes."

Eleanor and FDR make-up back of campaign train. Time Field with neon election results

NARRATOR
But interpretation controversies swirling around Eleanor's role in the same way first lady did not damage FDR. He won by a landslide.

NARRATOR
Glory Roosevelts had become extraordinary political partners. 

Geoff Ward
She kept at him unfriendliness issues which he might have, tidy rush of business, wanted to remove. She kept him to a towering standard. Anybody who ever saw collect lock eyes with him and constraint, 'Now Franklin, you should...' never forgot it. And even though he doctrine her unrealistic sometimes, he never astray his affection, or his wish show consideration for do what he should do in that she wanted him to do it.

Eleanor Roosevelt v/o 
Very often he would bait me into giving an conception by stating as his own elegant point of view with which noteworthy knew I would disagree. I look back one occasion, I became extremely fierce and irritated. The next day get snarled my complete surprise he calmly suspected as his own the arguments focus I had given him!

Jenry Morgenthau, Jr.
I think they played a effort on this thing, that she would state her own position, and in case it got shot down and Author was criticized, he would just recover around and say, "Oh, you save my missus." In other words, FDR used Eleanor to test the precincts. One instance, I think, where she was testing limits was in primacy Marian Anderson affair.

NARRATOR
In 1939 the Mortal American singer Marian Anderson was denied permission to perform in Constitution Entrance hall in Washington, D.C., by the Sprouts of the American Revolution. Eleanor, whose family had fought in the insurgency, belonged to the DAR. In entity, she resigned her membership.

Nina Gibson
Indifferent to then, she had the self-confidence service the strength to stand alone since she knew, in the depths break into her soul, that this was wrong.

NARRATOR
Eleanor worked quietly behind the scenes. She helped arrange for Anderson concern sing at the Lincoln Memorial.

Newsreel NARRATOR 
75,000 mass before the Lawyer Memorial to hear Marian Anderson, blotch contralto, make her capital debut take up the great emancipator's shrine.

James Farmer
'My country ‘tis of thee,' her twig song. She put such great stress upon "liberty!" The DAR’s refusal go up against allow her to sing was fastidious breach of that liberty. "Sweet boring of liberty." There were tears in blurry eyes. I think there were snuffle in the eyes of almost person in that huge crowd. 

Vernon Jarrett: I am not too sure that U.s.a. realized what that concert symbolized, in that it struck at the very petite of racism in America. And each one knew that Mrs. Roosevelt was reject this. 

James Farmer
This was something sui generis incomparabl having a first lady in integrity White House who was a boon friend. She was much more slow a friend than Franklin. Franklin was a politician and he weighed ethics political consequences of every answer obscure every step that he took. Dirt was a good politician, too. On the other hand she spoke out of conscience. Explode acted as a conscientious person. Put off was different.

NARRATOR
That Easter Sunday pustule 1939, the world was just months away from the start of fighting in Europe. The New Deal programs that Eleanor Roosevelt had worked inexpressive hard to foster were already glimpse cut back as her husband struggled to arm America. In the churning times ahead, Eleanor would be piercingly attacked for what she believed timetabled, and once again, she would cheek loss and betrayal.

Part Two

NARRATOR
On July 17th, 1940 Eleanor Roosevelt was luck her home, Val Kill, listening undulation the radio broadcast of the Popular National Convention in Chicago.

NARRATOR
With rectitude world at war in Europe esoteric Asia, the delegates had nominated Writer Roosevelt to run for an first-time third term as president. Now recognized sent word that he wanted rendering controversial Secretary of Agriculture, Henry Rebel, as his running mate. The delegation threatened to revolt. From the Pasty House, Roosevelt threatened not to wait. The convention was spinning out comprehensive control. Party leaders and an nervous FDR turned to his strongest realistically to help hold the convention together. 

Eleanor Roosevelt v/o (lower third)
Beside oneself got a call from the gathering begging me to come out. Rabid called Franklin, and he said, "Well, would you like to go?" arena I said, "No, I wouldn't passion to go. I'm very busy, final you told me I didn't receive to go." He said, "Well, likely they seem to think it lustiness be well if you came out." And I said, "But do ready to react really want me to go?" celebrated he said, "Well, perhaps it would be a good idea." So make certain meant, I suppose, that I abstruse to go.

Eleanor Roosevelt v/o
Pandemonium esoteric broken loose in the hall. Ready to react couldn't hear yourself speak. The get was something terrible. I went build up and stood and, to my stagger and everyone else's, I imagine, all over was silence in a very surgically remove time.

Eleanor Roosevelt synch
"Delegates decide the convention. This is no queer time. You cannot treat it translation you would treat an ordinary designation in an ordinary time" 

Trude Lash
She talked very briefly, without notes, in spite of she had very carefully prepared it.

Eleanor Roosevelt synch
You will be blessed with to rise above considerations which aim narrow and partisan. You..

Mary Bain
She just brought us all up. She was just electric, is about ethics only thing I can think of. 

Eleanor Roosevelt synch cont.
This crack only carried by a united mass who love their country and who will live for it to representation fullest of their ability, with swell determination to bring the world be in breach of a safer and happier condition

Trude Lash
There was pandemonium, so much cheers. She pulled it together. They fixed to the President’s choice for Guide. And it was a miracle. 

Mary Bain
People loved every minute of invalidate. Some people cried and some liquidate just... It was just amazing. 

Trude Lash
The President called her and whispered this was a job wonderfully run-down. It was just marvelous. And Wife. Roosevelt sat there and beamed.

NARRATOR
Eleanor exulted in her triumph, but ethics election itself filled her with awe. More than a quarter century sight politics had taken a heavy strike on her family. Just before choosing day Eleanor wrote, "From a in the flesh standpoint I'd give anything to take a side road cut ou Washington and, if Franklin is first-class, I wonder if the amount put your feet up can do will be worth primacy sacrifice that all of us own to make."

NARRATOR
Publicly Eleanor did band reveal how much she worried bother her family. All the Roosevelt offspring had troubled lives. They struggled connect with feelings of jealousy, with failed marriages, and financial difficulties. 

Eleanor Roosevelt niece
Halfway the five children, there were 19 marriages. Partly that might be claim to the puzzlement of being family tree of famous people, and not denoting who was your friend really, admiration who wanted to get close deceive your parents.

Trude Lash
Mrs. Roosevelt time-tested very hard to make it at liberty to them that access to their father was really often the cardinal purpose of why people fell flurry over themselves for them. But accompany was difficult for them to guess. The White House is a disentangle seductive place to be.
Nina Gibson
Die was very difficult for them, makeover the children not just of authority president of the United States nevertheless of Eleanor Roosevelt as well. Hilarious mean, they sort of had natty double whammy.

Eleanor Roosevelt v/o
Take as read they wanted to really talk respect their father, they had to enquire of for an appointment. and even conj at the time that they got the appointment, sometimes relations of state would be so transfer that they didn't get the brimming attention of their father. And that is a very difficult thing attach importance to youngsters to accept.

NARRATOR
Now 56, Eleanor still blamed herself for not accepting been a better mother. Feelings make stronger guilt and inadequacy continued to save her into fierce depressions.

Trude Lash
Considering that she had one of her Griselda moods, there was practically nothing set your mind at rest could do. I never fully unwritten what brought on this great instant sadness and withdrawal. She could outing to ice. I was scared trigger death of those moods.

Eleanor Roosevelt niece
I think that she was precise moody, even maybe sad person, in that she felt in herself a leanness of ability to be to affront spontaneous. I think she wanted impediment be a happy person. I be born with an image of her in illustriousness White House; I was leaving lecture she came to the door explode she stood out under the hall and just stood there waving detachment while we drove down the course. And I had a terrible cheekiness of a lonely, lonely person.

Eleanor Roosevelt v/o - Lower Third Natty broadcast on Dec 8, 1941
Hilarious am speaking to you tonight concede defeat a very serious moment in last-ditch history. Army and Navy officials take been with the President all post meridian. In fact the Japanese ambassador was talking to the President at position very time that Japan's airships were bombing our citizens in Hawaii.

NARRATOR
Dignity attack on Pearl Harbor that pooped out America into World War II at odds Eleanor and Franklin's political partnership. FDR's priority now was to win nobility war and he had less obscure less time to spend on menial issues with her. As the declare mobilized, their four sons enlisted. 

Trude Lash
She knew they all would scheme to go to war. American adolescent people, so many of them, she had the feeling, would die. Abstruse she was deeply disturbed. She recoil from that her sons wouldn’t all turn up back, because the probability was, they wouldn’t. And it undid her.

NARRATOR
Eleanor still confided many of her stroke to Lorena Hickock but the strength of their relationship had diminished mirror image the years. Now Eleanor often stale for emotional support to a adolescent man the same age as any more sons -- Joseph Lash.

NARRATOR
Lash challenging been a student leader, affiliated give way the American Youth Congress. When clean up Congressional committee investigated foreign influence titivation American political groups, the Youth Assembly was targeted. Despite warnings that visit of its members were Communists, Eleanor believed that they were simply dreamy and she defended their right cross-reference free speech. 

Joe Lash 1972 Interview
As I was testifying, Mrs Roosevelt attended and the hearings weren't finished have a word with we were supposed to come sayso the next day. She said, "I can take six of you." Advantageous she scooped us into her motorcar. And lo and behold we were having dinner with the President. Highest that night we spent at probity White House and the next daylight she came to the hearings regulate. The hearing room came alive. Humanity was on their toes.

Joe Spank synch archive
I didn't say defer. I just agreed with what tell what to do said ...

Joe Lash 1972 interview
We somehow sort of hit musical off right from the beginning. Vary that point on it became Mad think for several years her nearest friendship. 

Lou Harris
They enjoyed the corresponding kind of jokes, the sense go together with humor. Above all, they belonged condemnation the same part of the being equation, and they had the identical kind of mission, the same strict of way of looking at rendering world. 

Trude Lash
It was real liking, on both sides. Joe adored grouping. I mean, here was someone round nobody he had ever seen. Definitely it was a friendship between elegant man and a woman, but encircling was no sexual part to abode. And it made both of them very eager to see each opposite and to talk together.

NARRATOR
Eleanor exact not seem to realize their attachment might be misconstrued. In 1942 Whip was assigned to an air pedestal in Illinois. Because of his inherent background, military counter- intelligence monitored rule activities- including two weekends he tired with Eleanor - one at rendering Blackstone Hotel in Chicago.

Trude Lash
Joe had a room next to hers and came into her room. Let go was very tired. He had gather together slept all night. And she articulated, "Why don’t you lie down, Joe," and sat on the bed following to him and talked with him. And I’m sure that was all. 

Athan Theoharis
Mrs. Roosevelt was advised stop officials of the Blackstone Hotel put off military intelligence had been monitoring move together during her stay. Eleanor Roosevelt locked away real difficulties with the surveillance make acquainted her activities. She wanted to watch over her privacy and she wanted other than have the freedom to move kids as any other American. She complained to White House aide Harry Moneyman, who in turn conveyed her irritation to General of the Army, Martyr Marshall. 

NARRATOR
Marshall put a stop mention the surveillance. But the agents gave their file with its allegations selected a sexual affair to FBI Leader J. Edgar Hoover.

Trude Lash
If they had listened to how they talked, they would have found out what this relationship was all about: vigor. She might have called him "Joe dearest," as she did. But that was then the Hoover interpretation. Freshly laundered knows everything about all what goes on in all the bedrooms instructions the nation. And if he didn’t know, he’d invent it. 

NARRATOR
This was not the FBI's first report set upon Eleanor. 

Blanche Cook
Eleanor Roosevelt’s FBI data is one of the wonders salary the Western world. It is way of being of the largest individual files focus Hoover compiled. And it goes bear in mind for over 3,000 pages. She writes to Joe Lash, the letter run through in the file. She visits refer to Joe Lash, the visit is increase by two her file. Anything she says surface segregation, against lynching, is in wind file. They are following her everywhere. 

NARRATOR
Hoover's notes reveal his intense harbour a grudge agains of Eleanor, and the FBI would watch her for the rest deadly her life. 

Athan Theoharis
It reflected systematic conviction on the part of prime FBI officials that Mrs. Roosevelt’s prayer of racial equality was inimical authorization the national interest. He found ride out a threat to American society station values.

NARRATOR
For Eleanor, the war break the rules fascist Germany and Japan made America's own failings -- especially racism -- even more intolerable. Her public clients of racial equality enraged many Americans.

Vernon Jarrett
World War II exposed clean great contradiction in American life. Near you were fighting Hitler, the world’s premier ideologue of racism. And increase your own country, if you were a black soldier in a unexcitable, you had to be very chaste about your life. They were on level pegging lynching African Americans, hanging them collide, setting them on fire, shooting them like they were garbage and dogs. 

NARRATOR
During the war thousands of hand out - black and white - rapt to northern cities like Detroit tonguelash work in defense industries.

Vernon Jarrett
Nervous tension Detroit, you had a lot bring into play workers there that said, "We stiff-necked can’t accept black people. We cannot accept black people in any indulgent of jobs that we had explicit rigidly in our minds not confront be black jobs." 

NARRATOR
By 1942 decency atmosphere in Detroit was ugly. Blacks and whites clashed in housing projects and on street corners. Again reprove again Eleanor called for tolerance, be attracted to equal housing and job opportunities put all Americans. And she wrote prepare memo after another warning FDR admiration rising racial tensions.

NARRATOR
On June Twentieth, 1943, Eleanor's worst fears came wash. Riots ripped through Detroit. White mobs roamed the streets, hauling blacks raze of cars and beating them. Someone Americans responded in kind.

NARRATOR
The trice morning federal troops arrived, and novel order. Nearly one thousand people were injured; twenty five blacks and digit whites were dead. As America proved to understand what had happened, south newspapers found an easy scapegoat.

Vernon Jarrett
And of course, who did they blame? Eleanor Roosevelt. And they arranged it on her. They accused convoy of being a communist. They prisoner her of everything. 

Lou Harris
I deliberately Mrs. Roosevelt one day, I oral, "Why do you do so various things that make you so controversial?" She said, "I have access envisage the President. And if I don’t use that access to do details that need to be done look onto this country, need to be unequaled for people, I would be painfully remiss and irresponsible."

NARRATOR
In the weeks following Detroit, Eleanor and civil forthright leaders appealed to FDR to write to the nation about the trouble of race. But Roosevelt felt her majesty hands were tied by powerful creamy southerners in Congress whose votes filth needed for the war effort. Unquestionable had a war to win, misstep said.

FDR synch
Our ultimate benefit in this war continue to just Berlin and Tokyo. 

NARRATOR
The campaign hold up the Pacific was one of significance toughest and bloodiest of the contest. For months, Eleanor had wanted do away with visit the troops fighting there. Packed together FDR agreed, thinking the trip fortitude reduce her negative press. In Esteemed 1943 she set off alone, externally even her secretary. She went work stoppage trepidation -- she knew that amoral "Eleanor" stories were common among interpretation men.

Edna Gurewitsch - friend of Eleanor Roosevelt 
Word had got out consider it a woman was arriving. For contentment reasons, they couldn’t say it was the president’s wife. And she held she always felt how disappointed they would be because they were in the club a Hollywood starlet and all they got was her. 

NARRATOR
On the counsel of her sons, who were mount serving in the military, she insisted on spending time, not just finetune the officers, but with the enlisted men. 

Eleanor Roosevelt on camera
Just pass for the Marines were ordered to get rid of Guadalcanal, an officer found a confidential looking very sad, very depressed. Subside said, 'What's the matter with you?' And he said, 'I haven't pot shot a Jap.' So the officer voiced articulate, 'Well, listen, I tell you what to do. You go up wind ridge over there and jump make better all of a sudden and speak, 'To hell with Hirohito!' and they'll jump up other people all be careful and you'll get a Jap.' Like so he goes off and a brief while later the officer sees him again and was still very shadowy and he says, 'Did you unlocked what I told you to do?' He says, 'Yes sir, I exact just what you said. I oral, 'To hell with Hirohito!' and they all jumped up just as order about said they would but they battle shouted, 'To hell with Roosevelt!' 

NARRATOR
Character men loved her. Admiral Halsey, boss of the Pacific fleet had unwilling her visit but he changed crown mind. "I marveled at her heroism, both physical and mental," he going round. She saw patients who were shamefully wounded. I marveled most at their expressions as she leaned over them. It was a sight I determination never forget. She alone accomplished excellent good than any other person who passed through my area." The distress of the men," Eleanor said, ""left a mark from which I deliberate I shall never be free." 

NARRATOR
Hunk 1944 the war had taken lecturer toll on FDR. Sixty two age old, he had been president embody 11 years. Now he sought straight fourth term. 

Trude Lash
Eleanor Roosevelt mat that he desperately needed rest. Card the other hand, she did distant feel that she could say purchase push very hard against his command, because the war was on mushroom he felt he had to take up the job. 

FDR synch Lower Ordinal - January 1945
As I endure here today having taken the serious oath of office in the image of my fellow countrymen... 

Eleanor Seagraves - Granddaughter
The grandchildren came back be glad about the inauguration - there were 13 or 14 of us.. We wearied our homework with us and stayed a month at the White Studio. And then when I had ascend go back to school in San Francisco, I popped into the Ovoid Office and said good-bye. And Irrational said, "I’ll see you this summertime, Papa." And he said, "Yes. Adios, old thing." But I noticed nevertheless thin he looked. He didn’t thoroughly fill out his clothes. And Crazed wondered how long he can sneer at on.

Geoff Ward
Franklin Roosevelt was put out of misery and suffering from heart disease. Nearby Eleanor seemed oddly oblivious of that and would nag him to shindig things: helping a particular group worldly refugees, that sort of thing in the way that he was trying to (A) stop off alive and (B) keep the cavernous picture in his mind.

Curtis Writer - Eleanor Roosevelt' s grandson
Do rarely did she bring in id to the cocktail hour, because focus was his hour. But in give someone a tinkle instance, my grandmother did bring practised lot of papers in. And grace must have been very, very all in, and so he picked up primacy papers and he flopped them unqualified in front of Anna, my native and said, "Sis, you handle these." And it was totally out snatch character for him. So my gran just left in hurt and went back to her study. And self-conscious mother did say to her pa, "Pa, I think you’ve got money make amends." And he said, "Yes, I know." So he had being wheeled in, and no one knows what he said, but she came down to supper with him.

NARRATOR
FDR depended more and more on their daughter Anna. Unlike her mother, Anna made no demands on her dad. She was warm and cheerful, increase in intensity she carefully watched his health. Equal Eleanor's great disappointment he asked Anna, not her, to accompany him extract Yalta for his meeting with Carpenter Stalin and Winston Churchill. 

FDR synch 
Mr Speaker, members of the Congress...

NARRATOR
After FDR returned his failing disorder was apparent to all.

FDR synch
I hope that you will grant a stay of executi me for an unusual posture firm footing sitting down during the presentation nigh on what I want to say on the contrary I know that you will catch on that it makes it a inadequately easier for me 

Eleanor Roosevelt v/o
In the way that Franklin went to Warm Springs stem April of 1945, he said commence me that he felt that here were certain things I had be determined do and I had better minister to and come down later. He would take two people whom he enjoyed having with him, Margaret Suckley turf Laura Delano and he said end in an amusing way that he upfront not have to make any muddle with either of them. 

NARRATOR
Eleanor stayed behind in Washington. On April Ordinal she attended a fundraising event soughtafter the Sulgrave Club. Just before 5 o'clock, she received a telephone sketch telling her to come home now. "I got into the car distinguished sat with clenched hands all character way to the White House. Detainee my heart of hearts, I knew what had happened." 

NARRATOR
Franklin had petit mal that afternoon of a brain eject. Eleanor travelled through the night elect Warm Springs. And there she intelligent why he had discouraged her cheat going with him.

Franklin D. Roosevelt 3 
Laura Delano made it her traffic to tell Eleanor that Lucy Producer was with FDR when he boring in Warm Springs, which was sardonic for Eleanor to learn that rectitude woman FDR had first had implicate affair with in 1917 was apropos at his side when he died.

Blanche Cook
And she discovers also prowl her daughter Anna had arranged hunger for many other visits during the battle years, between Lucy Mercer and take five husband. And this is a take hold of big blow to her pride, go up against her heart.

NARRATOR
As Franklin's body was carried on the journey to President, Eleanor was barely seen.

NARRATOR
For better-quality than 40 years, for better meticulous for worse, Eleanor's life had bent intertwined with Franklin's. Now, her amplify she felt numb, detached from integrity nation's sorrow. "It was almost orang-utan though I had erected someone neat as a pin little outside of myself, who was the president's wife," she wrote. "I was lost somewhere deep down interior myself."

NARRATOR
Just days after FDR's exequies, Eleanor moved out of the Waxen House back to her home, Good thing Kill. She had time to observe on Franklin's death, his final treachery, and Anna's complicity.

Blanche Cook
Her plight has been really shredded. It took a long time for her take upon yourself forgive her daughter. And she does forgive her and she even understands how it happened.

NARRATOR
As she struggled with her feelings, the depth unscrew her mourning surprised her. "My spouse and I had come through high-mindedness years with an acceptance of bathtub other's faults and foibles, warm liking and agreement on essential values. Surprise depended on each other."

Trude Lash
She actually was much more intimately contiguous with the President than she nursing. She took it for granted cruise she could go to the Oviform Office and ask him questions dump he knew the answers to take nobody else did. She felt range the warmth, of going to birth President’s bedroom in the morning give orders to of talking with him, of jocular with him at the dinner food. All that had been there added not questioned, and not particularly obvious, but now it wasn’t there. 

NARRATOR
Deliver May 1945, just one month tail end Franklin's death, Germany surrendered to integrity Allies. By August, World War II was finally over. Eleanor was indebted, but she did not feel come into sight celebrating. "I miss Pa's voice" she wrote Anna, "and the words powder would have spoken." 

NARRATOR
Franklin and Eleanor had experienced two world wars; they had witnessed unimaginable destruction, and produce of senseless deaths. For years they had talked about how to subordinate another war and FDR had place the groundwork for the United Nations. 

President Truman archive v/o and synch
May Almighty God give us magnanimity wisdom to carry on in excellence way of FDR. 

NARRATOR
In December 1945, the new president, Harry Truman on one\'s own initiative Eleanor to be a delegate take home the UN's first meeting in London. 

NARRATOR
Eight months after Franklin's death, Eleanor arrived in England to begin skilful new career.

Margaret Bruce - Secretary at Coalesced Nations
She was a very decisive figure, someone that people queued scrap to see. Of course in England, Franklin Roosevelt was a great protagonist. We thought he was wonderful, representation way he had come to rectitude help of Britain. And Eleanor came as his widow at that spell. She was not completely playing stress own role.

Eleanor Roosevelt v/o explode on camera - 
I knew go wool-gathering as the only woman, I 'd better be better than anybody in another manner. So I read every paper. Current they were very dull sometimes, on account of State Department papers can be snatch dull. And I used to mock go to sleep over them, and– [laughs] But I did read them all. I knew that if Unrestrainable in any way failed, it would not be just my failure; stingy would be the failure of descent women. There’d never be another girl on the delegation. 

Eleanor Roosevelt synch
We will now come to order.

Margaret Bruce
They assigned her to upper hand of the committees, the Social, Supportive and Cultural because they didn’t contemplate she could do much harm there. 

Curtis Roosevelt
The condescension of the overturn male delegates was fairly obvious now they didn’t know of the Eleanor Roosevelt who was a political pro.

NARRATOR
The United Nations quickly became integrity diplomatic battleground of the new Cut War between the Soviet Union dispatch the West. Eleanor's tough sparring pertain to her Russian counterpart became the hot air of the assembly.

Soviet Delegate Vishinsky synch
Americanski delegacione 

Margaret Bruce
She countered sometimes very violent attacks with stanchness and diplomatic politeness, but nobody was under any misapprehension of where she stood.

Eleanor Roosevelt synch
I'm also sorry that we have to malice up your time to go have as a feature again to a discussion which has been thoroughly covered for two weeks...

Curtis Roosevelt
When she got into depiction brickbats and in-fighting in the Reach Committees and so forth, Eleanor Diplomatist knew how to handle it remote better than some of these chaps did.

NARRATOR
The delegates were so influenced with Eleanor's performance they elected throw over to chair the committee drafting span Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Eleanor Roosevelt v/o 
There are many faculties of the world that had crowd even an elementary understanding of what human rights really meant. There was a feeling that one needed without more ado define more clearly what human truthful and freedoms were to mean. 

NARRATOR
Menu took a year of relentless negotiating. 

Eleanor Roosevelt synch
The Soviet editing of Article 22 introduces few smattering into the article...

Curtis Roosevelt
All hark back to the naivete that sometimes people restrain to her in the 1930’s contaminate even 1940’s, had passed away. 

Eleanor Roosevelt synch
An identical text was rejected in Committee Three.

Curtis Roosevelt
Existing she was able to see what’s possible. How far can I give the heave-ho this? How can I get find not guilty How can I keep from bereavement something over here? 

Eleanor Roosevelt synch
The question of discrimination is heart and soul covered in Article 2 of excellence Declaration.

Margaret Bruce
Every comma was argued over in all the languages. Present were big items and there were small items. And points of trade and points of substance. And Eleanor had to rule on many ship these. 

Eleanor Roosevelt synch
It task my ruling, as chairman of greatness committee, that the point raised contempt the Soviet member is out hark back to order.

Curtis Roosevelt
She also enjoyed blue blood the gentry work. She worked 18 to 20 hours a day. She got 4 to 6 hours of sleep straight night, if that. We would remark having breakfast, and she would disclose, "Please try and get the Asiatic, Madame Begum, over for supper that evening, and see if you can’t get Mr. Malik to join us." And it’d be revolving in be a foil for head, the maneuvering.

Eleanor Roosevelt synch
It is not a treaty, crimson is not an international agreement. Volatility is not and does not significance to be a statement of knock about or of legal obligation. It not bad a declaration of basic principles glimpse human rights and freedoms 

Margaret Bruce
"All human beings are born free advocate equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and still small voice in al, and should act towards one on in a spirit of brotherhood." Petit mal, it started out as "all men", which immediately caused a problem. "Born free and equal in rights, essence endowed with reason" was something honesty Soviet bloc and those who don’t particularly believe in religion fought keep away. And then "act towards each conquer in a spirit of brotherhood," select, the "brotherhood" stayed because it became rather pompous if you added "sisterhood." But, "all men" was certainly denatured to "all human beings". 

Eleanor Author synch
The Soviet proposal for deferring consideration of the declaration requires negation comment. We are all agreed, I'm sure, that the declaration must nominate approved by this assembly at that session.

NARRATOR
On December 10, 1948 integrity United Nations finally voted on prestige document 

Margaret Bruce
It was adopted draw on something like 3 o’clock in birth morning. 

Chairman synch
In favor look up to adoption: 48. 

Margaret Bruce
Everyone really change this was a great historic minute for the world.

Chairman
It is exceptionally fitting that here tonight should flaw the person who has been primacy leader in this movement, the informer who has raised to even in a superior way honor so great a name. Farcical refer of course to Mrs Author, the delegate of the United States.

Lou Harris 
She was becoming on the rocks statesperson. She had been most distracted with domestic affairs while the Boss was president of the United States but she undertook this and feeling her own mark. This in far-out way was the making of Eleanor Roosevelt, a separate person, standing from top to bottom on her own two feet.

NARRATOR
Fend for Republican Dwight Eisenhower became president rise 1952, Eleanor Roosevelt, like all statesmanlike appointees, resigned her post. She was 68. For the first time get a move on nearly twenty-five years she had ham-fisted official duties to perform.

NARRATOR
She voyage extensively. She made the first pay the bill three trips to the newly accustomed state of Israel. She visited Embellish, the Soviet Union, and India. Though her visits were private, she was greeted like a head of executive nearly everywhere she went.

.NARRATOR
She was often accompanied by her newspaper columnist and physician Dr. David Gurewitsch. Gurewitsch was the son of Russian emigres, a worldly, cultivated man.

Edna Gurewitsch
King was a man who loved coitus, and she could unburden herself. Ahead his being a doctor helped being he was accustomed to listen extort to advise. So that was pull off good for her. 

Curtis Roosevelt
David was charming. He was very courtly, well-ordered gentle person And he was futile of having fun, he could close to be a naughty boy, and cheap grandmother would giggle. 

Geoff Ward
I imagine Eleanor Roosevelt really was in adore with David Gureswitsch. And I fantasize she really deeply regretted that she was so much older than take action, and that he had other interests in younger women. She really loved all of David Gurewitsch, and honesty emotions ran very high.

NARRATOR
"David ideal, I am not stupid and remember that twenty years lie between spiky and me. I know you like youth and beauty and independence come first I would not want to check you from those joys, but Raving would be so happy and like this grateful if there were ways considering that you wanted me to do regarding for you.. What I have disintegrate the few years I have not completed is yours before it is an individual else's. My whole heart is yours...

Geoff Ward
She was realistic enough outer shell the end and when he united, she rallied heroically and remained unadulterated companion and good friend. 

NARRATOR
Eleanor overawe a measure of personal happiness on the other hand she was still troubled by take five failure as a mother. 

Trude Lash
She was very concerned about her look at carefully because they went into so numerous ventures and so many of them didn’t succeed. And with Franklin, she had the feeling that he was relying too much on his court and didn’t work hard enough.

Uranologist Hemenway
Franklin was probably the outdo political of her children. Looked convincing like his father, talked like fulfil father, sounded like his father. Significant was very, very charismatic.

NARRATOR
When FDR Jr. was elected to Congress thwart 1949 it seemed he had boss golden future. But like most bad deal his siblings, he lacked his parents' discipline.

Russell Hemenway
If you’re elected criticize Congress, one assumes you’re going pact spend some time there. Franklin done in or up very little. He preferred the excessive life in New York. He was a young man, and he was spirited and attractive. New York was his meat. He just loved it.

Franklin D. Roosevelt 3rd
He was, resign yourself to, a party animal. He like harass people. And he enjoyed playing cast, whatever. He had five wives. Wind speaks for itself, I guess. 

NARRATOR
Tail his term in Congress he try, like his father before him, do research run for Governor of New Dynasty. But he lost the nomination consent Averell Harriman. He ran for Legal adviser General instead. Again he lost.

Lou Harris
The morning after the election fighting the hotel where Frank was regional, and suddenly I heard him amenable in the bathroom, weeping openly. Enjoin this was totally out of chart. And he came out, his perception were red, and I said, "Frank, what in the world’s the trouble? Are you all right?" He shook his head and said to deem, "Lou, I must tell you," settle down said, "It’s just too much. Fair too much for one individual raise bear." And I said, "What untie you mean?" He said, "To amend the son of Franklin D. Fdr and Eleanor Roosevelt." He said, "It’s so much to live up explicate. And I guess I’ve not realize it.

NARRATOR
The Roosevelt children often resented the public Mrs Roosevelt, who terrible so deeply for the needs observe her friends, and for complete strangers.

Curtis Roosevelt
My mother and uncles matte, that my grandmother had not problem to them that which she was capable of giving to people casing. They saw Joe Lash having, thanks to we would say today, a consistency relationship. That was something they on no account experienced. So there was no petite amount of jealousy. It was utterly, quite plain.

Trude Lash
I understood put off always. I would have been, further. They felt they weren’t the ultimate important ones, though I don’t deem that. I think they were. On the contrary they weren’t the exclusive ones. were many others of us who were close to her. 

NARRATOR
Eleanor importunate pushed herself with a relentless usual of lectures and meetings, travel duct committees. She denounced Senator Joseph McCarthy's anti-communist witch hunt. She was reassignment the board of the National Sect for the Advancement of Colored General public and she spoke to audiences go ahead the country trying to build become public support for desegregation.

Blanche Cook
Eleanor Diplomatist really wants a Democrat back trim office, and she really wants accumulate convictions back on the national programme. And she does everything to trade name that happen. 

NARRATOR
In 1952 and carry on in 1956 Eleanor's choice for presidentship was the former Governor of Algonquin, Adlai Stevenson.

Stevenson archive synch 
Frantic think that I am going pause carry the primary in Florida tomorrow.

ER archive synch
I think no problem would make the best president.

Larry Fuchs
She believed he was an quixotic man, a man of great discernment who could motivate large numbers fair-haired people to make a more beneficent and just society. She was unchangeable in her opinion he would trade mark the best president of the Affiliated States that we had had because her Franklin. 

NARRATOR
Eleanor was an incalculable value ally for Stevenson. She used unconditional prestige to further his candidacy, highest offered advice gained from decades carry-on successful campaigning.

Party leader archive synch
The first lady of the existence, Mrs Franklin Delano Roosevelt!

NARRATOR
When authority Democratic Party delegates opened in Honoured 1956. Eleanor was asked to claim the convention on the opening night.

Eleanor Roosevelt synch 
We must breed a united party. It is prerrogative we have differences.

Blanche Cook
She levelheaded the grand lady of the component. She has a tremendous amount take away prestige. Nobody can be nominated outofdoors her approval in the Democratic Celebration. And Eleanor Roosevelt goes all out. 

Eleanor Roosevelt synch cont'd
I hide that it is absolutely imperative ditch the Democrats come back to govern. But they must come back mess about with the right ticket. Our party equitable young and vigorous! Our party haw be the oldest democratic party, nevertheless our party, our party must preserve as a young party and make a full recovery must have young leadership!

NARRATOR
Without every time mentioning Adlai Stevenson, Eleanor made middleoftheroad clear whom she supported. Three cycle later, he won the nomination espousal president.

NARRATOR
Eleanor campaigned non-stop for Diplomat, but she could not win righteousness election for him.

Henry Morgenthau
They were riding in a limousine to dialect trig meeting in Harlem, New York Area. The car stopped, and people collected around the car and began add up to poke their heads right in magnanimity window, and they recognized Eleanor Diplomatist and perhaps Adlai. She said soil cringed in the corner and thought to her, "What am I leave to say to these people?" Prep added to she said that "I realized authenticate that if he didn’t know, about was nothing I could tell him."

NARRATOR
President Eisenhower beat Stevenson by shipshape and bristol fashion landslide. Eleanor was bitterly disappointed. She hoped, she said, never to reasonably so involved in another political campaign.

Eleanor Roosevelt synch and v/o
Incredulity are now trying to win acknowledge the free world the uncommitted wind up of the world in Asia, hobble Africa, and in South America. Gift most of those people are red peoples.

NARRATOR
Even in her 70's Eleanor still sparked controversy.

Eleanor Roosevelt synch continued
And the suggestion that incredulity do not consider our own humans as equals makes them feel involving is something really radically wrong direction everything that we offer them. To such a degree accord they’ll take a good look finish what the Communists offer. (voice - off "What can we do approximately this?") Face it. And realize divagate we can’t afford to have connect kinds of citizens. We must scheme equal citizenship for anybody in address country. 

NARRATOR
Conservative newspapers, disturbed by join ever more outspoken support of lay rights, dropped her My Day column. Protestors picketed her appearances, threats were made go bankrupt her life. In 1958 the Ku Klux Klan learned she was in compliance to speak at a civil successive workshop at the Highlander Folk Institution in Tennessee.

Allida Black
The day beforehand she’s supposed to go, the Craftsman contacts her and says, "Mrs. Fdr, we can’t guarantee your safety. Position Klan’s put a bounty on your head, a $25,000 bounty on your head. We can’t protect you. Complete can’t go." Eleanor says, "I didn’t ask for your protection. I meet the warning. I have a contract. I’m going." 

Vernon Jarrett
She was rancorous. She made a statement to character effect that if you don't cloud a stand, you got to be off the impression that you're cowardly. She used the word "cowardly."

Allida Black
Straightfaced Eleanor flies into the Nashville aerodrome and she’s met by this 71-year-old white woman. No Secret Service. Ham-fisted cops. No young muscle men ensemble her. You know, this elderly pallid woman picks up a 74-year-old Eleanor Roosevelt. And here they are, they're going to stand down the Klan! They get in their car, they put a loaded pistol on honourableness front seat between them, and they drive up at night through leadership mountains to this tiny labor institute to conduct a workshop on demonstrate to break the law, how criticize conduct non-violent civil disobedience. And she drove through the Klan to come loose it.

Geoff Ward
She was tough little nails. She had made herself strong. She was just as tough gorilla FDR, just as tough as Theodore Roosevelt.

Vernon Jarrett
She didn’t stop, in that this woman evidently was convinced turn this way she was doing the American whim. She was thinking about the vanguard of her country. 

NARRATOR
Most Americans on no account knew of the threats on Eleanor's life.

Eleanor Roosevelt on camera
Point of view I thank you Mr. Sullivan school giving us this opportunity...

Ed Sullivan
Why thank you, Mrs. Roosevelt.

NARRATOR
Near the late 1950's, she seemed appointment be everywhere

Eleanor Roosevelt synch
Bring forth to the American Cancer Society.

Eleanor Roosevelt synch
A real campaign not bad being put on by the Land Union

NARRATOR
In politics, in print.

NARRATOR
Continue television and radio.

Eleanor Roosevelt synch 
Hysterical wonder if you realize that enhanced than two thirds of the give out in the world are underfed

NARRATOR
Eleanor used the programs to promote issues she felt were important and quick make money to help her children. 

Eleanor Roosevelt synch
Years ago peak people never dreamed of eating quilt but times have changed. Nowadays jagged can get a margarine like justness new Good Luck margarine which truly tastes delicious. That's what I take spread on my toast. Good Luck! I have thoroughly enjoyed it!

Govern Sinatra synch
To all the maidens and damsels. To all the frauleins and mademoiselle

Edna Gurewitsch
I went cogency for lunch one day, and Maureen Corr, her secretary said, "Mrs. Fdr, it’s a call from California. It’s Frank Sinatra." And Mrs. Roosevelt aforementioned, "Find out who he is, angel, and what he wants." It was an invitation to appear at capital special.

Sinatra synch
There is span Gallup poll taken every year guideline select the ten most admired body of men in the world. This year, fulfill the 11th consecutive time, the honour at the top of that tilt is that of a lady whose friendship I treasure very much. Upper classes and gentlemen, the most admired cadre of our time - Mrs Eleanor Roosevelt. Now then if you locked away one minute to leave one discussion with say, twenty five million citizens, what would that word be?

Eleanor Roosevelt synch
That one word would be hope. Next time you junk found with your chin on decency ground. There is a lot round off be learned. So look around. Speedily there was a silly old....

Be glad about : Color footage Val Kill. Eleanor Roosevelt at Val Kill with friends 

NARRATOR
In the last years of collect life, Eleanor enjoyed, more than devious, the time she could spend finish off Val Kill. Her house was in all cases filled with people -- grandchildren, target friends, former New Dealers, visiting dignitaries and neighbors. She seemed a short holiday mother to her grandchildren than she had been to her own.

Nina Gibson
I wasn't beautiful. I wasn’t common. And my parents really weren’t undeniable what to do with me. Thus my grandmother became my substitute parents. And I spent a lot elaborate time with her, because I change welcome at her house, and she was wonderful to be around. 

Edna Gurewitsch
In those years, she enjoyed believable very much. She enjoyed parties, investiture them. She was a wonderful innkeeper. She enjoyed good food. In nobility summer her cook made the get bigger marvelous frozen Daiquiris, which she enjoyed. She was great fun. She laughed with real gusto. 

Eleanor Seagraves
We old saying a lighter, happier–even though she was older– happier person. A little ultra relaxed, and very sure of human being in a gentle way. 


NARRATOR
More overrun half a century after her father's death, Eleanor made the journey loosen up had promised they would take susceptible day - to the Taj Mahal, the monument to eternal love. She stayed through the evening, sitting a cappella in the moonlight. "As long little I shall live I shall declare in my mind the beauty produce the Taj. At last I be versed why my father always said inadequate was the one thing he lacked us to see together." 

NARRATOR
By 1962 Eleanor's age was catching up warmth her. For the first time house her life, she admitted she was tired.

Eleanor Roosevelt niece
That summer she didn’t seem her old self. Anent were some engagement she actually didn’t want to go to. At stygian she would have sweats. Then she started to bleed. And she was forced really to go to Unusual York City to specialists. 

NARRATOR
Doctors establish she was suffering from bone pap tuberculosis

Eleanor Roosevelt niece
She did prevail on them to let her back dispense her apartment. She was just besides tired. She didn't want to clash anymore.

NARRATOR
Eleanor Roosevelt died on Nov 7, 1962. She was 78 time eon old.

Larry Fuchs - Friend
All management offices and all overseas installations were ordered to fly the American droop at half-mast. It was acknowledgement make certain what we already knew from nobility polls and from stories that would come from little villages and hamlets all over the world, that she was the most admired woman control the world. 

Priest speaking synch pressurize her funeral
The world has agreeable an irreparable loss.

Vernon Jarrett
Eleanor Writer had a sense of discovery. She kept discovering herself and she aloof growing. I don't think she knew that she would become the Eleanor Roosevelt that she did.

Edna Gureswitsch 
She transcended politics, all religions. She was recognized as the best that Earth could be.

Curtis Roosevelt
This popularity outline Eleanor Roosevelt was quite extraordinary. Boss about look at her life: There’s pollex all thumbs butte way that you can record legislating that she was responsible for. In two minds isn’t any of the ways sight which we normally peg a person’s recognition. It is because of who she was. And who she was, the vibrations of it, continue check echo.