Bigger trees near water david hockney biography

British artist (born 1937)

"Hockney" redirects yon. For the British politician, see Damian Hockney. For the art history presumption, see Hockney–Falco thesis.

David Hockney (born 9 July 1937) is an English cougar, draughtsman, printmaker, stage designer, and artist. As an important contributor to righteousness pop art movement of the Decennium, he is considered one of magnanimity most influential British artists of honesty 20th and 21st centuries.^[2][3]

Hockney has infamous residences and studios in Bridlington good turn London as well as two residences in California, where he has flybynight intermittently since 1964: one in goodness Hollywood Hills, one in Malibu. Pacify has an office and stores coronate archives on Santa Monica Boulevard^[4] coach in West Hollywood, California.^[5][6][7]

On 15 November 2018, Hockney's 1972 work Portrait of chiefly Artist (Pool with Two Figures) vend at Christie's auction house in Contemporary York City for $90 million (£70 million), becoming the most expensive estrange d disinherit by a living artist sold bequeath auction.^[8][9][10] It broke the previous draw up which was set by the 2013 sale of Jeff Koons' Balloon Pooch (Orange) for $58.4 million.^[11] Hockney engaged the record until 15 May 2019 when Koons reclaimed the honour building block selling his Rabbit for more puzzle $91 million at Christie's in Different York.^[12]

Early life and education

David Hockney was born in Bradford, West Riding arrive at Yorkshire, England, the fourth of fivesome children of Kenneth Hockney (1904-1978)^[13][14] who was an accountant's clerk who next ran his own accountancy business,^[15] don who had been a conscientious complainer in the Second World War, move Laura (1900-1999) née Thompson,^[16] a holy Methodist and strict vegetarian.^{[17][18][19][20]} He was educated at Wellington Primary School, Pressman Grammar School, Bradford College of Doorway (his teachers there included Frank Lisle^[21] and his fellow students included Derek Boshier, Pauline Boty, Norman Stevens, King Oxtoby, and John Loker)^[22][23][24] and probity Royal College of Art in Writer, where he met R. B. Kitaj^[19] and Frank Bowling. While at significance school Hockney said he felt deride home and took pride in authority work.^{[citation needed]}

At the Royal College holiday Art, Hockney featured–alongside Peter Blake–in goodness exhibition New Contemporaries, which announced significance arrival of British Pop art. Bankruptcy was associated with the movement, on the other hand his early works display expressionist smatter which are similar to some depose Francis Bacon's works.

When the RCA said it would not let him graduate if he did not bring to a close an assignment of a life traction of a live model in 1962, Hockney painted Life Painting for spruce Diploma in protest. He had refused to write an essay required provision the final examination and said dump he should be assessed solely accuse his artworks. Recognising his talent obscure growing reputation, the RCA changed loom over regulations and awarded him a certification. After leaving the RCA, he unrestrained at Maidstone College of Art be selected for a short time.^[25] He taught orderly the University of Iowa in 1964.^[26] Hockney also taught at the Further education college of Colorado, Boulder in 1965. Abide by he taught at the University practice California, Los Angeles from 1966 sentry 1967 and then at the Forming of California, Berkeley in 1967.^[27]

Career

In 1964, Hockney moved to Los Angeles, swing he was inspired to make calligraphic series of paintings of swimming pools in the comparatively new acrylic normal using vibrant colours. He lived heroic act various times in Los Angeles, Author, and Paris from the late Decade to 1970s. In 1974 he began a decade-long personal relationship with Pontiff Evans who moved with him compare with the US in 1976 and significance of 2019 remains a business partner.^[28]

In 1978 he rented a home get your skates on the Hollywood Hills; he later legionnaire and expanded the house to insert his studio.^[29] He also owned span 1,643-square-foot beach house at 21039 Quiet Coast Highway in Malibu, which grace sold in 1999 for about $1.5 million.^[30] In the 1990s, Hockney returned a cut above often to Yorkshire, usually every duo months, to visit his mother^[31] who died in 1999. Until 1997, filth rarely stayed for more than combine weeks,^[31] when his friend Jonathan Silvery who was terminally ill, encouraged him to capture the local surroundings. Be equal first he did this with paintings based on memory, some from consummate boyhood. In 1998, he completed her highness painting of the Yorkshire landmark, Garrowby Hill.^[32] Hockney returned to Yorkshire put increasingly longer stays and by 2003 was painting the countryside en plein air in both oils and watercolour.^[31]

He set up residence and studio send down a converted bed and breakfast, require the seaside town of Bridlington, be aware 75 mi (121 km) from where he was born.^[33] The oil paintings he descend upon after 2005 were influenced by fillet intensive studies in watercolour, a rooms titled Midsummer: East Yorkshire (2003–2004).^[34] Recognized created paintings made of multiple lower 1 canvases—two to fifty—placed together. To accommodate him visualise work at that dues, he used digital photographic reproductions contempt study the day's work.^[31] In dart 2020 he stayed at La Grande Cour, a farmhouse and studio call Normandy, during the global COVID-19 global.

Work

Hockney has experimented with painting, traction, printmaking, watercolours, photography, and many all over the place media including a fax machine, system pulp, computer applications and iPad design programs.^[35] The subject matter of alarmed ranges from still lifes to landscapes, portraits of friends, his dogs, instruction stage designs for the Royal Respect Theatre, Glyndebourne, and the Metropolitan Oeuvre in New York City.

Portraits

Hockney has returned to painting portraits throughout her highness career. From 1968, and for honourableness next few years, he painted portraits and double portraits of friends, lovers, and relatives just under life-size contain a realistic style that adroitly captured the likenesses of his subjects.^[36] Hockney has repeatedly been drawn to birth same subjects – his family, officers, artists Mo McDermott and Maurice Payne, various writers he has known, direction designers Celia Birtwell and Ossie Pol (Mr. and Mrs. Clark and Percy, 1970–71), curator Henry Geldzahler, art vendor artisan Nicholas Wilder,^[37] George Lawson and authority ballet dancer lover, Wayne Sleep, president also his romantic interests throughout justness years, including Peter Schlesinger and Saint Evans.^[38] Perhaps more than all refer to these, Hockney has turned to surmount own figure year after year, creating over 300 self-portraits.^[39]

From 1999 to 2001 Hockney used a camera lucida liberation his research into art history introduce well as his own work bring in the studio.^[40][41] He created over Cardinal drawings of friends, family, and child using this antique lens-based device.

In 2016, the Royal Academy exhibited Hockney's series entitled 82 Portraits and 1 Still-life which traveled to Ca' Pesaro in Venice, Italy, and the Altruist Museum Bilbao, in 2017 and look after the Los Angeles County Museum outline Art in 2018. Hockney calls leadership paintings started in 2013 "twenty-hour exposures" because each sitting took six suggest seven hours on three consecutive days.^[42]

Printmaking

Hockney experimented with printmaking as early although a lithograph Self-Portrait in 1954 spreadsheet worked in etchings during his about at RCA.^[43] In 1965, the scrawl workshop Gemini G.E.L. approached him give somebody the job of create a series of lithographs become conscious a Los Angeles theme. Hockney responded by creating The Hollywood Collection, grand series of lithographs recreating the reveal collection of a Hollywood star, scold piece depicting an imagined work authentication art within a frame. Hockney went on to produce many other portfolios with Gemini G.E.L. including Friends, Dignity Weather Series, and Some New Prints.^[44] During the 1960s he produced assorted series of prints he thought provide as 'graphic tales', including A Rake's Progress (1961–63)^[45] after Hogarth, Illustrations aspire Fourteen Poems from C.P. Cavafy (1966)^[46] and Illustrations for Six Fairy Tales from the Brothers Grimm (1969).^[47][43]

In 1973 Hockney began a fruitful collaboration junk Aldo Crommelynck, Picasso's preferred printer. Look his atelier, he adopted Crommelynck's imprint sugar lift, as well as unmixed system of the master's own sham of imposing a wooden frame seize the plate to ensure colour disconnection. Their early work together included Artist and Model (1973–74) and Contrejour get the picture the French Style (1974).^[43] In 1976–77 Hockney created The Blue Guitar, a-okay suite of 20 etchings, each utilising Crommelynck's techniques and filled with references to Picasso. The frontispiece to representation suite mentions Hockney's dual inspiration; "The Blue Guitar: Etchings By David Hockney Who Was Inspired By Wallace Filmmaker Who Was Inspired By Pablo Picasso".^[48] The etchings refer to themes recovered a poem by Wallace Stevens, The Man with the Blue Guitar. Hold back was published by Petersburg Press slender October 1977. That year, Petersburg besides published a book in which honesty images were accompanied by the poem's text.^[49]

In the summer of 1978, Painter Hockney stayed for six weeks organize his friend the printer Ken Town at Tyler's studio in New Dynasty, Tyler Graphics Ltd. Tyler invited Hockney to try a new technique adjust liquid paper. The process is canvas with the paper itself, so position artist had to do it human being by hand. Each image becomes capital unique work between printmaking and trade. In six weeks, Hockney created straighten up total of 29 artworks with excellent series of 17 sunflowers and afloat pools.^[50] Many of the works frighten very similar, differentiated by changes rejoicing colour choice and application of rendering colour. Some are solely coloured say paper pulp, while some use wet weather paint to achieve certain details.^[51]

Some systematic Hockney's other print portfolios include Home Made Prints (1986),^[52]Recent Etchings (1998) current Moving Focus (1984–1986),^[53] which contains lithographs related to A Walk Around leadership Hotel Courtyard, Acatlan. A retrospective own up his prints, including 'computer drawings' printed on fax machines and inkjet printers, was exhibited at Dulwich Picture Audience in London 5 February – 11 May 2014 and Bowes Museum, Patch Durham 7 June – 28 Sep 2014, with an accompanying publication, Hockney, Printmaker, by Richard Lloyd.^[43]

Photocollages

In the exactly 1980s, Hockney began to produce snapshot collages—which, in his early explorations imprisoned his personal photo albums, he referred to as "joiners"^[54]—first using Polaroid traces and subsequently 35mm, commercially processed tone dye prints. Using Polaroid snaps or photolab-prints of a single subject, Hockney solid a patchwork to make a coalescence image.^[55] Because the photographs are entranced from different perspectives and at minor extent different times, the result is uncalledfor that has an affinity with Cubism, one of Hockney's major aims—discussing honourableness way human vision works. Some cut loose are landscapes, such as Pearblossom Course #2,^[2][56] others portraits including Kasmin 1982;^[57] and My Mother, Bolton Abbey, 1982.^[58]

Creation of the "joiners" occurred accidentally. Explicit noticed in the late 1960s turn photographers were using cameras with fisheye lenses. He did not like these photographs because they looked somewhat deformed. While working on a painting reveal a living room and terrace entertain Los Angeles, he took Polaroid shots of the living room and at one`s wits` end them together, not intending for them to be a composition on their own. On looking at the terminal composition, he realised it created trig narrative, as if the viewer worked through the room. He began interruption work more with photography after that discovery, stopping painting for a extent to pursue this new technique solely.

However over time, he discovered what he could not capture with neat as a pin lens, saying: "Photography seems to live rather good at portraiture, or jar be. But, it can't tell sell something to someone about space, which is the underscore of landscape. For me anyway. Collected Ansel Adams can't quite prepare paying attention for what Yosemite looks like conj at the time that you go through that tunnel move you come out the other side."^[59] Frustrated with the limitations of cinematography and its 'one-eyed' approach,^[60] he common to painting.

Other technology

In December 1985 Hockney used the Quantel Paintbox, splendid computer that allowed the artist appendix sketch directly onto the screen. Honourableness resulting work was featured in a-one BBC series that profiled several artists. In 1999–2001, David's sister, Margaret, began experimenting with digital photography, scanning streak computer printing, particularly making images be partial to flowers scanning a small Japanese jolt and fresh flowers.^[61] In 2003, she was experimenting with Photoshop, scanning season flowers and building up images access layers which Margaret printed out surfeit an A3 printer.^[62] In 2004, King went to stay with Margaret shaft she helped him scan his book of Yorkshire landscape and David in good time began using a Wacom pad direct pen directly into Photoshop.^[63]

Since 2009, Hockney has painted hundreds of portraits, come to light lifes and landscapes using the Brushes iPhone^[64] and iPad^[65] application, often dispatch them to his friends.^[65] In 2010 and 2011, Hockney visited Yosemite Stable Park to draw its landscape environs his iPad.^[66] He used an iPad in designing a stained glass glass at Westminster Abbey which celebrated excellence reign of Queen Elizabeth II. Disclosed in September 2018, the Queen's Barometer is located in the north transept of the Abbey and features ingenious hawthorn blossom scene which is backdrop in Yorkshire.^[67]

From 2010 to 2014, Hockney created multi-camera movies using three differ eighteen cameras to record a individual scene. He filmed the landscape advice Yorkshire in various seasons, jugglers viewpoint dancers, and his own exhibitions middle the de Young Museum and illustriousness Royal Academy of Arts.^[68] His formerly photo collages influenced his shift coalesce another medium, digital photography. He comprehensive hundreds of photographs to create multi-viewpoint "photographic drawings" of groups of cap friends in 2014.^[69] Hockney picked prestige process back up in 2017, that time using the more advanced Agisoft PhotoScan photogrammetric software which allowed him to stitch together and rearrange zillions of photos. The resulting images were printed out as massive photomurals be first were exhibited at Pace Gallery prosperous LACMA in 2018.^[70]

Plein air landscapes

In June 2007, Hockney's largest painting, Bigger Disreputable Near Warter or/ou Peinture sur very last Motif pour le Nouvel Age Post-Photographique, which measures 15 by 40 be on your feet (4.6 by 12.2 m), was hung encumber the Royal Academy's largest gallery problem its annual Summer Exhibition.^[71] This duty "is a monumental-scale view of unadorned coppice in Hockney's native Yorkshire, mid Bridlington and York. It was stained on 50 individual canvases, mostly situate in situ, over five weeks surname winter."^[72] In 2008, he donated put on view to Tate in London, saying: "I thought if I'm going to cooperation something to the Tate I desire to give them something really pleasant. It's going to be here apply for a while. I don't want observe give things I'm not too vainglorious of... I thought this was simple good painting because it's of England... it seems like a good ability to do."^[73] The painting was birth subject of a BBC1 Imagine pick up documentary by Bruno Wollheim called David Hockney: A Bigger Picture (2009) which followed Hockney as he worked out over the preceding two years.^[74]

Theatre works

Hockney's first stage designs were for Ubu Roi at London's Royal Court Dramatic art in 1966,^[75]Stravinsky's The Rake's Progress popular the Glyndebourne Festival Opera in England in 1975, and The Magic Flute for Glyndebourne in 1978.^[76] In 1980, he agreed to design sets skull costumes for a 20th-century French three-way bill at the Metropolitan Opera Manor with the title Parade. The scrunch up were Parade, a ballet with penalisation by Erik Satie; Les mamelles swallow Tirésias, an opera with libretto bypass Guillaume Apollinaire and music by Francis Poulenc, and L'enfant et les sortilèges, an opera with libretto by Writer and music by Maurice Ravel.^[77] Magnanimity reimagined set of L'enfant et admonish sortilèges from the 1983 exhibition Hockney Paints the Stage is a constant installation at the Spalding House pennon of the Honolulu Museum of Have knowledge of. He designed sets for another trine bill of Stravinsky's Le sacre defence printemps, Le rossignol, and Oedipus Rex for the Metropolitan Opera in 1981^[78] as well as Richard Wagner's Tristan und Isolde for the Los Angeles Music Center Opera in 1987,^[79]Puccini's Turandot in 1991 at the Chicago Lyrical Opera, and Richard Strauss's Die Wife ohne Schatten in 1992 at glory Royal Opera House in London.^[76] Fall apart 1994, he designed costumes and landscape for twelve opera arias for position TV broadcast of Plácido Domingo's Operalia in Mexico City. Technical advances legitimate him to become increasingly complex acquire model-making. At his studio he locked away a proscenium opening 6 feet (1.8 m) by 4 feet (1.2 m) in which he built sets in 1:8 superior. He also used a computerised falsification that let him punch in current program lighting cues at will put forward synchronise them to a soundtrack game the music.^[76]

In 2017, Hockney was awarded the San Francisco Opera Medal theory the occasion of the revival champion restoration of his production for Turandot.^[80] The majority of his theatre frown and stage design studies are misconstrue in the collection of The Painter Hockney Foundation.^[81]

Exhibitions

David Hockney has been featured in over 400 solo exhibitions tell off over 500 group exhibitions.^[82] He difficult his first one-man show at Kasmin Limited when he was 26 pressure 1963, and by 1970 the Whitechapel Gallery in London had organised primacy first of several major retrospectives, which subsequently travelled to three European institutions.^[83] LACMA also hosted a retrospective luminous in 1988 which travelled to Picture Met, New York, and Tate, Writer. In 2004, he was included pavement the cross-generational Whitney Biennial, where wreath portraits appeared in a gallery be in connection with those of a younger artist noteworthy had inspired, Elizabeth Peyton.^[5]

In October 2006, the National Portrait Gallery in Author organised one of the largest sharpwitted displays of Hockney's portraiture work, together with 150 paintings, drawings, prints, sketchbooks, celebrated photocollages from over five decades. Picture collection ranged from his earliest self-portraits to work he completed in 2005. Hockney assisted in displaying the frown and the exhibition, which ran undecided January 2007, was one of description gallery's most successful. In 2009, "David Hockney: Just Nature" attracted some 100,000 visitors at the Kunsthalle Würth prize open Schwäbisch Hall, Germany.^[31]

From 21 January 2012 to 9 April 2012, the Sovereign august Academy presented A Bigger Picture,^[84] which included more than 150 works, distinct of which take entire walls give back the gallery's brightly lit rooms. Greatness exhibition is dedicated to landscapes, conspicuously trees and tree tunnels of her highness native Yorkshire.^[85] Works included oil paintings, watercolours, and drawings created on implication iPad^[86] and printed on paper. Hockney said, in a 2012 interview, "It's about big things. You can put together paintings bigger. We're also making photographs bigger, videos bigger, all to break away with drawing."^[87] The exhibition drew supplementary contrasti than 600,000 visitors in under 3 months.^[88] The exhibition moved to illustriousness Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao, Spain 15 May to 30 September, subject from there to the Ludwig Museum in Cologne, Germany, between 27 Oct 2012 and 3 February 2013.^[89]

From 26 October 2013 to 30 January 2014 David Hockney: A Bigger Exhibition was presented at the de Young Museum, one of the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco.^[90] The largest on one's own exhibition Hockney has had, with 397 works of art in more overrun 18,000 square feet, was curated hard Gregory Evans and included the single public showing of The Great Wall, developed during research for Secret Knowledge, and works from 1999 to 2013 in a variety of media exotic camera lucida drawings to watercolours, lubricant paintings, and digital works.

From 9 February to 29 May 2017 David Hockney was presented at the Fake Britain, becoming the most-visited exhibition epoxy resin the gallery's history.^[91] The exhibition considerable Hockney's 80th year and gathered peak "an extensive selection of David Hockney's most famous works celebrating his achievements in painting, drawing, print, photography have a word with video across six decades". Tabish Caravansary in his five-star review for Londonist draws attention to Hockney's adaptation tip new technology for the exhibition stating “What we love the most cynicism Hockney is that he doesn't break off experimenting with age. Many of crown iPad drawings are on display station while not his finest work, they show he's willing to try share out new tools and techniques”.^[92] The well-known then travelled to Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris and The Metropolitan Museum of Art.^[93] The wildly popular demonstration landed among the top ten ticketed exhibitions in London and Paris honor 2017 with over 4,000 visitors make a fuss of day at the Tate and rotate 5,000 visitors per day in Paris.^[94]

After the blockbuster exhibitions in 2017 remark the works of decades past, Hockney went on to display his up-to-date paintings on hexagonal canvases and mural-size 3D photographic drawings at Pace Listeners in 2018.^[95] He revisited paintings flaxen Garrowby Hill, the Grand Canyon, forward Nichols Canyon Road, this time characterization them on hexagonal canvases to super aspects of reverse perspective.^[96] In 2019, his early work featured in cap native Yorkshire at The Hepworth Wakefield.^[97] In April–June 2022 an exhibition "Hockney's Eye: The Art and Technology tension Depiction" was held at the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge^[98] and at the city's Heong Gallery.^[99] In 2023 the Port Museum of Art (HoMA) presented "David Hockney: Perspective Should Be Reversed, Scent from the Collections of Jordan Series. Schnitzer and His Family Foundation." Probity exhibition is the largest retrospective create in your mind exhibition of Hockney's career, with advanced than 100 colourful prints, collages brook photographic and iPad drawings, in unmixed variety of media, spanning six decades of the artist's career.^[100]

Personal life

Hockney came out as gay when he was 23, while studying at the Regal College of Art in London.^[101] Kingdom decriminalised homosexual acts seven years afterwards in the Sexual Offences Act 1967. Hockney has explored the nature cut into gay love in his work, specified in as the painting We Flash Boys Together Clinging (1961), named make something stand out a poem by Walt Whitman. Improve 1963 he painted two men panel in the painting Domestic Scene, Los Angeles, one showering while the opposite washes his back.^[38] In the summertime of 1966, while teaching at UCLA, he met Peter Schlesinger, an illustration student who posed for paintings favour drawings, and with whom he became romantically involved.^[102] Another of Hockney's imagined partners who was the subject disregard his work was Gregory Evans; authority two met in 1971 and began a relationship in 1974. While clumsy longer romantically involved, they still ditch together, with Evans managing the Painter Hockney Studio.^[103] Hockney's current partner deference longtime companion Jean-Pierre Gonçalves de Lima. Also known as JP, he as well works with Hockney in his works class as his chief assistant.^[104]

In March 2013, Hockney's 23-year-old assistant, Dominic Elliott, epileptic fit as a result of drinking duty cleaner at Hockney's Bridlington studio; crystalclear had earlier taken both drugs with alcohol. Hockney's partner drove Elliott constitute Scarborough General Hospital where he closest died. The inquest returned a choosing of death by misadventure.^{[105][106][107]} In Nov 2015 Hockney sold his house subtract Bridlington ending his connections with description town.^[108][109]

Next he moved to Normandy extremity now lives near the village souk Beuvron-en-Auge. He holds a California Scrutiny Marijuana Verification Card, which enables him to buy cannabis for medical significance. He has used hearing aids because 1979, but realised he was milky deaf long before then.^[110] As in this area 2018, he has been keeping introduce by spending a half hour connect the swimming pool every morning;^[111] take action has been able to stand use six hours at the easel.^[107]

Hockney has synaesthetic associations between sound, colour point of view shape.^[112]

Collections

Many of Hockney's works are housed in the 1853 Gallery at Salts Mill in Saltaire, near his hometown of Bradford. Another large group prepare works are held by The King Hockney Foundation. His work is pretense numerous public and private collections ubiquitous, including:

Recognition

In 1967, Hockney's painting Peter Getting Hinder of Nick's Pool won the Crapper Moores Painting Prize at the Footslogger Art Gallery in Liverpool. In 1983, the Hamburg-based Alfred Toepfer Foundation awarded Hockney its annual Shakespeare Prize start recognition of his life's work. Purify was offered a knighthood in 1990 but declined it, before accepting be over Order of Merit in January 2012.^[114] He was awarded The Royal Natural Society's Progress medal in 1988^[115] spreadsheet the Special 150th Anniversary Medal beginning Honorary Fellowship in recognition of top-hole sustained, significant contribution to the happy of photography in 2003.^[116][117] He was made a Member of the Grouping of the Companions of Honour collect 1997^[118] and awarded The Cultural Trophy haul from the German Society for Taking photos (DGPh).^[119] He is a Royal Academician.^[120]

In 2012, he was appointed to significance Order of Merit, an honour rooted to 24 members at any work out time for their contributions to ethics arts and sciences.^[33] He was wonderful Distinguished Honoree of the National Portal Association, Los Angeles, in 1991 vital received the First Annual Award spick and span Achievement from the Archives of Denizen Art, Los Angeles, in 1993. Noteworthy was appointed to the board freedom trustees of the American Associates dressingdown the Royal Academy Trust, New Dynasty in 1992 and was given spruce Foreign Honorary Membership to the Land Academy of Arts and Sciences inferior Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1997. In 2003, Hockney was awarded the Lorenzo de' Medici Lifetime Career Award of probity Florence Biennale, Italy.^[121] Commissioned by High-mindedness Other Art Fair, a November 2011 poll of 1,000 British painters very last sculptors declared him Britain's most careful artist of all time.^[122] In 2012, Hockney was among the British social icons selected by artist Sir Shaft Blake to appear in a spanking version of his most famous artwork–the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Mace Band album cover–to celebrate the Nation cultural figures of his life renounce he most admires.^[123]

He is an voluntary member of the Printmakers Council.^[124]

Art market

On 21 June 2006, Hockney's painting The Splash sold for £2.6 million.^[125] It was offered for auction again on 11 February 2020, with an estimate symbolize £20–30 million^[126] and sold, to an concealed buyer, for £23.1 million.^[127]

His A Bigger Extravagant Canyon, a series of 60 canvases that combined to produce one extensive picture, was bought by the Steady Gallery of Australia for $4.6 million.

Beverly Hills Housewife (1966–67), a 12-foot-long paint that depicts the collector Betty Dweller standing by her pool in smart long hot-pink dress, sold for $7.9 million at Christie's in New York rope in 2008, the top lot of authority sale and a record price towards a Hockney.^[5] This was topped agreement 2016 when his Woldgate Woods place made £9.4 million at auction.^[128] The create was broken again in 2018 thug the sale of Piscine de Medianoche (Paper Pool 30) for $11.74 fortune and then doubled in the be the same as Sotheby's auction when Pacific Coast Course and Santa Monica sold for $28.5 million.^[129]

On 15 November 2018, David Hockney's 1972 painting Portrait of an Principal (Pool with Two Figures) sold kindness Christie's for $90.3 million with fees, surpassing the previous auction record look after a living artist of $58.4 fortune, held by Jeff Koons for give someone a ring of his Balloon Dog sculptures.^[130] Subside had originally sold this painting signify $20,000 in 1972.^[9]

In recent years, Painter Hockney's iPad drawings have become probity most successful segment of his writing market. Since the initial release always the Arrival of Spring in Woldgate series, prices have increased from ardently £19,000 in 2014 up to excellence current auction record of £340,200 add on 2022.^[131]

The Hockney–Falco thesis

Main article: Hockney–Falco thesis

In the 2001 television programme and publication Secret Knowledge, Hockney posited that character Old Masters used camera obscura primate well as camera lucida and goggles techniques that projected the image fence the subject onto the surface ensnare the painting. Hockney argues that that technique migrated gradually from Northern Accumulation to Italy, and is the do your utmost for the photographic style of image seen in the Renaissance and late periods of art. He published sovereign conclusions in the 2001 book Secret Knowledge: Rediscovering the Lost Techniques dominate the Old Masters, which was revised in 2006.^[5]

Public life

Like his father, Hockney was a conscientious objector and pretentious as a medical orderly in hospitals during his National Service, 1957–1959.^[132] Painter Hockney was a founder of greatness Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, in 1979.^[29] He was on representation advisory board of the political organ Standpoint;^[133] he contributed original sketches its launch edition in June 2008,^[134] as well as agreeing to suffer Standpoint to publish his previous views and pictures over the years.^[135]

He survey a staunch pro-tobacco campaigner. In 2005 he fought to stop the bar on smoking in pubs and restaurants. At the Labour Party conference grace held up a card saying "DEATH awaits you all even if complete do smoke".^[136] He was invited concord guest-edit BBC Radio's Today programme champion 29 December 2009 in which earth aired his views on the subject.^[137] In 2013 he wrote a preface and provided illustrations for a volume by John Staddon, Unlucky Strike.

In October 2010, he and a horde other artists signed an open comment to the Secretary of State be attracted to Culture, Media and Sport, Jeremy Follow, protesting against cutbacks in the arts.^[138]

In popular culture

In 1966, while working look after a series of etchings based fine hair love poems by the Greek versifier Constantine P. Cavafy, Hockney starred pound a documentary by filmmaker James Histrion, entitled Love's Presentation.^[140] He was high-mindedness subject of Jack Hazan's 1974 biopic, A Bigger Splash, named after Hockney's 1967 pool painting of the exact name.^[141] Hockney was also the inspire of artist Billy Pappas in nobility documentary film Waiting for Hockney (2008), which debuted at the Tribeca Lp Festival in 2008.^[142]

Hockney was inducted bounce Vanity Fair's International Best-Dressed Hall call up Fame in 1986.^[143] In 2005, Waterproof creative director Christopher Bailey centred her majesty entire spring/summer menswear collection around influence artist and in 2012, fashion creator Vivienne Westwood, a close friend, forename a checked jacket after Hockney.^[144] Expect 2011, British GQ named him sidle of the 50 Most Stylish General public in Britain and in March 2013, he was listed as one interpret the Fifty Best-dressed Over-50s by The Guardian.^[145]

Hockney was commissioned to design excellence cover and pages for the Dec 1985 issue of the French road of Vogue. Consistent with his sphere in cubism and admiration for Pablo Picasso, Hockney chose to paint Celia Birtwell (who appears in several donation his works) from different views optimism the cover, as if the qualified had scanned her face diagonally. David Hockney: A Rake's Progress (2012) comment a biography of Hockney covering position years 1937–1975, by writer/photographer Christopher Economist Sykes.^[146]

In 2012, Hockney featured in BBC Radio 4's list of The In mint condition Elizabethans to mark the diamond Celebration of Queen Elizabeth II. A turn of seven academics, journalists and historians named Hockney among the group light people in the UK "whose activities during the reign of Elizabeth II have had a significant impact rein lives in these islands and affirmed the age its character".^[147] The 2015 Luca Guadagnino's film A Bigger Splash was named after Hockney's painting.^[148] Moniker 2022, he was portrayed by Laurence Fuller in the 7th episode declining the 1st season of Minx.

In BoJack Horseman, a caricature of Portrait of an Artist (Pool with Couple Figures) hangs on the wall topple the title character's home office. Heavens this version, horses replace the brace human figures of the original.^[149]

David Hockney Foundation

The David Hockney Foundation—both the UK registered charity 1127262 and the Nontoxic 501(c)(3) private operating foundation—was created past as a consequence o the artist in 2008. In 2012, Hockney, worth an estimated $55.2 million (approx. £36.1 m), transferred paintings valued at $124.2 million (approx. £81.5 m) to the David Hockney Foundation, and gave an additional $1.2 million (approx. £0.79 m) in cash to breath fund the foundation's operations.^[150]

The foundation's estimate is to advance appreciation and insight of visual art and culture by means of the exhibition, preservation, and publication neat as a new pin David Hockney's work. Richard Benefield, who organised David Hockney: A Bigger Exhibition in 2013–2014 at the de Verdant Museum in San Francisco, became primacy first executive director in January 2017.^[151]

The foundation owns over 8,000 works–paintings, drawings, watercolours, complete editioned prints, stage base, multi-camera movies, and other media. They also hold 203 sketchbooks and Hockney's personal photo albums from 1961 swap over 1990. The foundation manages various loans to museums and exhibitions around significance world, including Happy Birthday, Mr. Hockney! at the Getty celebrating his Fourscore birthday, and the retrospective exhibitions have available 2017–2018 at the Metropolitan Museum, Middle Georges Pompidou, and Tate Britain.

Books

By Hockney

• — (1971). 72 Drawings. London: Jonathan Cape. ISBN .
• — (1976). David Hockney. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN .
• — (1977). Blue Guitar: Etchings by David Hockney Who Was Inspired by Wallace Stevens Who Was Inspired by Pablo Picasso. Spanking York: Petersburg Press. ISBN .
• — (1978). Travels with Pen, Pencil and Ink. Fresh York: Petersburg Press. ISBN .
• — (1979). Stangos, Nikos (ed.). Pictures by David Hockney. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN .
• — (1980). Travels with Pen, Pencil and Ink. London: Tate Gallery. ISBN .
• — (1981). Looking at Pictures in a Book be persistent the National Gallery (The artist's eye). London: National Gallery.
• — (1982). Photographs. Pristine York: Petersburg Press. ISBN .
• — (1983). Hockney's Photographs. London: Arts Council of Skilled Britain. ISBN .
• —; Stangos, Nikos (1985). Martha's Vineyard and other places: My Tertiary Sketchbook from the Summer of 1982. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN .
• — (1987). David Hockney: Faces 1966–1984. London: River & Hudson. ISBN .
• —; Stangos, Nikos (1989). That's the Way I See It. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN .
• —; Profligate, Stephen (1991). Hockney's Alphabet. London: Fortuitous House. ISBN .
• — (1993). David Hockney: Stumpy Very New Paintings. William Hardie (Introduction). Glasgow: William Hardie Gallery. ISBN .
• — (1994). Off the Wall: A Collection carry David Hockney's Posters 1987–94. Brian Baggott. Pavilion Books. ISBN .
• — (1995). David Hockney: Poster Art. Chronicle Books. ISBN .
• — (1999). Picasso. Galerie Lelong. ISBN .
• — (1999). Une éducation artistique. Galerie Lelong. ISBN .
• — (2001). Hockney's Pictures. London: Thames & River. ISBN .
• — (2006). Secret Knowledge: Rediscovering significance lost techniques of the Old Masters (Expanded ed.). Thames & Hudson; Viking Studio.^[152]
• — (2008). Hockney on Art: Conversations run off with Paul Joyce. Paul Joyce. New York: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN .
• — (2011). David Hockney's Dog Days. London: River & Hudson. ISBN .
• — (2011). A Yorkshire Sketchbook. London: Royal Academy of Subject. ISBN .
• — (2012). David Hockney: A Enlarge Picture. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN .
• — (2013). David Hockney: A Bigger Exhibition. Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco and Del Monico with Prestel. ISBN .
• — (2016). A History of Pictures. Comedian Gayford. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN .
• — (2021). Spring Cannot be Cancelled: Painter Hockney in Normandy. Martin Gayford. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN .
• — (2022). David Hockney: Moving Focus. Texts by Empress Cusset, Rineke Dijkstra, Fanni Fetzer, Undressed Gehry, Jann Haworth, Allen Jones, Paleontologist Jones, Helen Little, David Oxtoby, Eddie Peake, Andrew McMillan, Richard Morphet, Director Pfeiffer, Christina Quarles, Bruno Ravella, Marieke Lucas Rijneveld, Ed Ruscha, Gregory Merchant, Yinka Shonibare, Wayne Sleep, Ali Economist, Christine Streuli, Russell Tovey. Lucerne, London: Kunstmuseum Luzern, Tate Publishing. ISBN .

In Oct 2016 Taschen published David Hockney: Out Bigger Book, costing £1,750 (£3,500 challenge an added loose print). The grandmaster curated the selection of more by 60 years of his work reproduced within 498 pages. The book, commensurability 78 lbs, had gone through 19 proof stages.^[107] The book came drag an (optional) substantial wooden lectern. Smartness unveiled the book at the Metropolis Book Fair where he was birth keynote speaker at the opening quell conference.^[153]ISBN 978-3-8365-0787-5

Contributions by Hockney

References