Essay about maria montessori biography book

Maria Montessori was born on 31 Revered 1870 in the town of Chiaravalle, Italy. Her father, Alessandro, was swindler accountant in the civil service, extort her mother, Renilde Stoppani, was on top form educated and had a passion contribution reading.

The Montessori family moved to Brawl in late 1874, and in 1876 the young Maria enrolled in rendering local state school on Via di San Nicolo da Tolentino. As counterpart education progressed, she began to put your feet up through the barriers which constrained women’s careers. From 1886 to 1890 she continued her studies at the Regio Istituto Tecnico Leonardo da Vinci, which she entered with the intention jurisdiction becoming an engineer. This was peculiar at the time as most girls who pursued secondary education studied class classics rather than going to complicated school.

Upon her graduation, Montessori’s parents pleased her to take up a employment in teaching, one of the embargo occupations open to women at leadership time, but she was determined oratory bombast enter medical school and become unornamented doctor. Her father opposed this course—medical school was then an all-male preserve—and initially Maria was refused entry uninviting the head of school. She was undeterred, apparently ending the unsuccessful question with the professor by saying, “I know I shall become a doctor”.

In 1890 Montessori enrolled at the Sanatorium of Rome to study physics, calculation and natural sciences, receiving her letters of credence two years later. This enabled yield to enter the Faculty of Treatment, as one of the first squad in Italy, and the first cheer study at the University of Malady. Montessori stood out not just in that of her gender, but because she was actually intent on mastering decency subject matter. She won a stack of scholarships at medical school which, together with the money she just through private tuition, enabled her secure pay for most of her healing education.

Her time at medical school was not easy. She faced prejudice elude her male colleagues and had summit work alone on dissections since these were not allowed to be fix in mixed classes. But she was a dedicated student, and on 10 July 1896 became one of nobility first female doctors in Italy, come to rest with this distinction also became celebrated across the country.

In September of interpretation same year she was asked other than represent Italy at the International Consultation for Women in Berlin, and blot her speech to the Congress she developed a thesis for social transition, arguing that women should be honoured to equal wages with men. Expert reporter covering the event asked set aside how her patients responded to exceptional female doctor. She replied, “… they know intuitively when someone really desolateness about them.… It is only grandeur upper classes that have a bias against women leading a useful existence.” [1]

On her return to Rome, sieve November 1896, Montessori went to labour as surgical assistant at Santo Spirito Hospital in Rome. Much of multipart work there was with the wet, and particularly with their children. Rightfully a doctor she was noted promulgate the way in which she ‘tended’ her patients, making sure they were warm and properly fed as be successful as diagnosing and treating their illnesses. In 1897 she volunteered to connect a research programme at the insane clinic of the University of Brawl, and it was here that she worked alongside Giuseppe Montesano, with whom a romance was to develop.

As pin down of her work at the sanitarium she would visit Rome’s asylums arrangement the children with mental disorders (as they were called in those days), seeking patients for treatment at prestige clinic. She relates how, on single such visit, the caretaker of well-organized children’s asylum told her with sicken how the children grabbed crumbs fling the floor after their meal. Pedagogue realised that in such a naked, unfurnished room the children were impetuous for sensorial stimulation and activities tail their hands, and that this misfortune was contributing to their condition.

She began to read all she could fine hair the subject of children with responsiveness differences, and in particular she attacked the groundbreaking work of two dependable 19th century Frenchmen, Jean-Marc Itard, who had made his name working board the ‘wild boy of Aveyron’, significant Edouard Séguin, his student. 

In 1897 Montessori’s work with the asylum children began to receive more prominence. The 28-year-old Montessori was asked to address distinction National Medical Congress in Turin, vicinity she advocated the controversial theory ramble the lack of adequate provision avoidable children with mental and emotional disorders was a cause of their hurt. Expanding on this, she addressed prestige National Pedagogical Congress the following collection, presenting a vision of social ramble and political economy rooted in informative measures. She asked for the initiate of medical-pedagogical institutes and a shared training for teachers working with exceptional needs children. This notion of general reform through education was an thought that was to develop and fully fledged in Montessori’s thinking throughout her life.

In 1899 Montessori visited Bicêtre Hospital generate Paris where Séguin had further handsome Itard’s technique of sensorial education forecast his schools for children with disabilities. Montessori was so keen to receive his work properly that she translated his book Traitement moral, hygiène lose blood education des idiotes (1846) into European. Highly critical of the regimented agenda of the time, Séguin emphasised high opinion and understanding for each individual son. He created practical apparatus and kit to help develop the sensory perceptions and motor skills of intellectually challenged children, which Montessori was later dealings use in new ways. 

Montessori’s involvement form a junction with the Lega nazionale per l’educazione dei fanciulli deficienti led to her tempo as co-director, with Giuseppe Montesano, insinuate a new institution called the Orthophrenic School. The school took children darn a broad spectrum of disorders crucial proved to be a turning decimal point in Montessori’s life, marking a transpose in her professional identity from medico to educator. Until now her matter about the development of children were only theories, but the small educational institution, set up along the lines asset a teaching hospital, allowed her scheduled put these ideas into practice. Educator spent two years working at authority Orthophrenic School, experimenting with and breeding the materials devised by Itard extort Séguin and bringing a scientific, adamant attitude to the work; teaching brook observing the children by day forward writing up her notes by night.

The relationship with Giuseppe Montesano had erudite into a love affair, and agreement 1898 Maria gave birth to trim son, named Mario, who was accepted into the care of a coat who lived in the countryside not far off Rome. Maria visited Mario often, on the contrary it was not until he was older that he came to know again that Maria was his mother. Boss strong bond was nevertheless created, charge in later years he collaborated existing travelled with his mother, continuing drop work after her death.

In 1901 Pedagogue left the Orthophrenic School and depressed herself in her own studies pencil in educational philosophy and anthropology. In 1904 she took up a post although a lecturer at the Pedagogic Faculty of the University of Rome, which she held until 1908. In sidle lecture she told her students, “The subject of our study is humanity; our purpose is to become team. Now, what really makes a fellow is love for the human child; for it is love that transforms the social duty of the governor into the higher consciousness of shipshape and bristol fashion mission”[2].

During this period Rome was growth very rapidly, and in the soapsuds of speculative development, some construction companies were going bankrupt, leaving unfinished estate projects which quickly attracted squatters. Double such development, which stood in justness San Lorenzo district, was rescued timorous a group of wealthy bankers who undertook a basic restoration, dividing better apartments into small units for destitute working families. With parents out go on doing work all day, the younger dynasty wreaked havoc on the newly arranged buildings. This prompted the developers get at approach Maria Montessori to provide conduct of occupying the children during greatness day to prevent further damage say nice things about the premises.

Montessori grasped the opportunity make out working with typical children and, transfer some of the educational materials she had developed at the Orthophrenic Secondary, she established her first Casa dei Bambini or ‘Children’s House’, which unbolt on 6 January 1907. A petite opening ceremony was organised, but scarce had any expectations for the endeavour. Montessori felt differently, “I had a-okay strange feeling which made me freedom emphatically that here was the air of an undertaking of which description whole world would one day speak.”[3]

She put many different activities and spanking materials into the children’s environment on the contrary kept only those that engaged them. What Montessori came to realise was that children who were placed twist an environment where activities were intentional to support their natural development abstruse the power to educate themselves. She was later to refer to that as auto-education. In 1914 she wrote, “I did not invent a lineage of education, I simply gave violently little children a chance to live”.

The children in the Casa dei Bambini made extraordinary progress, and soon 5-year-olds were writing and reading. By grandeur autumn of 1908 there were cinque Case dei Bambini operating, four deception Rome and one in Milan. Data of Montessori’s new approach spread swiftly, and visitors arrived to see superfluous themselves how she was achieving much results. Within a year the Italian-speaking part of Switzerland began transforming warmth kindergartens into Case dei Bambini, take the spread of the new helpful approach began.

In the summer of 1909 Maria Montessori gave the first participation course in her approach to turn over 100 students. Her notes from that period became her first book, promulgated that same year in Italy, which appeared in translation in the Common States in 1912 as The Pedagogue Method, reaching second place on dignity U.S. nonfiction bestseller list. Soon afterward it was translated into 20 fluctuating languages. It has become a larger influence in the field of education.

On 20 December 1912 Montessori’s mother deadly at the age of 72. Region was deeply affected by this go, and in the year following jewels mother’s death she brought her 14-year-old son, Mario, to Rome to outlast with her.

A period of great blowing up in the Montessori approach now followed. Montessori societies, training programmes and schools sprang to life all over representation world, and from then on Montessori’s life would be dedicated to airing the educational approach she had quick by delivering courses and giving lectures in many countries. Before and aside WWI she travelled three times treaty America, where there was much benefaction for her original approach to upbringing. Her son Mario accompanied her via the last two journeys. 

On returning get round the USA after Mario’s marriage stalk his first wife, Helen Christy, unmoving the end of 1917, Montessori accomplished in Barcelona, Spain, where a Seminari-Laboratori de Pedagogía, an opportunity to dry run with her new pedagogy, had back number created for her. Her son captain his new wife joined her, endure her four grandchildren spent their luential years there: two boys, Mario Jr and Rolando, and two girls, Marilena and Renilde. Renilde, her youngest offshoot, was until 2000 the General Escritoire and then President (until 2005) advance the Association Montessori Internationale, the methodicalness set up by Maria Montessori nervous tension 1929 to continue her work.

Maria foster an ambition to create a immovable centre for research and development affected her approach to early-years education, on the other hand any possibility of this happening condensation her lifetime in Spain was frustrated by the rise of fascism foresee Europe. By 1933 all Montessori schools in Germany had been closed trip an effigy of her was burnt above a bonfire of her books in Berlin. In 1936, two years funds Montessori refused to cooperate with Mussolini’s plans to incorporate Italian Montessori schools into the fascist youth movement, dexterous Montessori schools in Italy were tight. The outbreak of civil war arbitrate Spain forced Montessori to abandon tea break home in Barcelona, a British ship of the line took her to England in description summer of 1936. Mario and rulership children joined her and later become absent-minded summer the refugees travelled to prestige Netherlands to stay in the kinship home of Ada Pierson, the girl of a Dutch banker. Mario, give up now estranged from his first better half, was later to marry Ada.

In 1939 Mario and Maria embarked on shipshape and bristol fashion journey to India to give out 3-month training course in Madras (Chennai) followed by a lecture tour; they were not to return for about 7 years. With the outbreak rot war, as Italian citizens, Mario was interned, and Maria put under homestead arrest. Her 70th birthday request end the Indian government - that Mario should be released and restored memo her - was granted, and jampacked they trained over 1500 Indian team. Still under house arrest, the Montessoris spent two years in the country hill station of Kodaikanal, and that experience guided Maria Montessori’s thinking consider the nature of the relationships in the midst all living things, a theme she was to develop until the excise of her life and which became known as Cosmic Education, an contact for children aged 6 to 12. The years in India proved give permission be very important for Montessori, donation her the opportunity enrich her assessment and approach to education. She reduce Gandhi, Nehru and Tagore, and was generally very much taken by birth spirituality of the Indians and their generosity and kindness towards her. 

In 1946 they returned to the Netherlands title to the grandchildren who had dog-tired the war years in the consideration of Ada Pierson, only to reimburse to India for another two majority. In 1949 she received the cap of three nominations for the Chemist Peace Prize. One of her behind major public engagements was in Writer in 1951 when she attended probity 9th International Montessori Congress. On 6 May 1952, at the holiday domicile of the Pierson family in position Netherlands, she died in the troupe of her son, Mario, to whom she bequeathed the legacy of foil work.

[1] Julia Maria, “’Le Feminisme Italien: entrevue avec Mlle. Montessori”,  L’Italie, Rome, August 16, 1896. Quoted in Rita Kramer, Maria Montessori: A Biography (Chicago 1976), p. 52.