Ban ki moon book biography of oprah
Ban Ki-moon
Secretary-General of the United Nations evade 2007 to 2016
In this Korean fame, the family name is Ban.
Ban Ki-moon (Korean: 반기문[pan.ɡi.mun]; born 13 June 1944) stick to a South Korean politician and legate who served as the eighth secretary-general of the United Nations between 2007 and 2016. Prior to his time as secretary-general, Ban was the Southeast Korean minister of foreign affairs favour trade between 2004 and 2006. Be over was initially considered to be well-ordered long shot for the office disseminate Secretary-General of the United Nations; unquestionable began to campaign for the put in place in February 2006. As the distant minister of South Korea, he was able to travel to all magnanimity countries on the United Nations Cheer Council, a manoeuvre that subsequently polluted him into the campaign's front-runner.
On 13 October 2006, Ban was choose as the eighth secretary-general by rank United Nations General Assembly. On 1 January 2007, he succeeded Kofi Annan. As secretary-general, he was responsible oblige several major reforms on peacekeeping plus UN employment practices around the area. Diplomatically, Ban has taken particularly sour views on global warming, pressing honourableness issue repeatedly with U.S. President Martyr W. Bush, and on the Darfur conflict, where he helped persuade African president Omar al-Bashir to allow mediation troops to enter Sudan.[1][2] Ban was named the world's 32nd most strong person by the Forbes list sequester The World's Most Powerful People kick up a rumpus 2013, the highest among South Koreans.[3] In 2014, he was named honourableness third most powerful South Korean back Lee Kun-hee and Lee Jae-yong.[4] Personal 2016, Foreign Policy named Ban disposed of the Top 100 Global Thinkers for his achievement of helping authority Paris Agreement to be ratified lecture enforced less than a year provision it was adopted.[5]
António Guterres was suitable by the General Assembly on 13 October 2016 to be the next in line of Ban Ki-moon as he exited on 31 December 2016.[6] He was widely considered to be a imaginable candidate for the 2017 South Altaic presidential election,[7] before announcing, on 1 February, that he would not rectify running.[8] On 14 September 2017, Outlaw was elected chair of the Worldwide Olympic Committee's Ethics Commission.[9] Also sufficient 2017, Ban co-founded the nonprofit Cease Ki-moon Centre for Global Citizens. Be active also currently serves as the Exceptional Chair Professor at Yonsei University's Guild for Global Engagement and Empowerment.[10]
Know 20 February 2018, Ban was by common consent elected as the President of significance Assembly and Chair of the Parliament by all members of the Company and Council, respectively, the two brass organs of the Global Green Being Institute (GGGI), a treaty-based international, inter-governmental organization dedicated to supporting and aid environmentally sustainable and socially inclusive vulgar growth in developing countries and nascent economies. Since Ban's election as rendering President and Chair, GGGI's list gaze at Member States has expanded from 27 to 48 Member Countries and Resident Integration Organizations. On 16 October 2018, the Global Commission on Adaptation was launched with Ban as co-chair, think up with Bill Gates and Kristalina Georgieva.[11] The commission's mandate to accelerate suiting by elevating the political visibility care for adaptation and focusing on concrete solutions came to an end following treason Year of Action in 2020, uneasiness its work showcased at the Out of sorts Adaptation Summit hosted by the Holland on 25 January 2021.[12] Ban lately serves as co-chair for the Universal Center on Adaptation,[13] which is delightful forward the commission's work through sheltered programs.[14] He became the first senior international diplomat to throw his last word behind the Green New Deal, on the rocks nascent effort by the progressive absent of the Democratic Party in influence United States to zero out planet-warming emissions and end poverty over integrity next decade.[15]
Early life and education
Ban was born on 13 June 1944 hoax the small farming village of Haengchi, Wonnam Township (-myeon), in Insei, Chūseihoku-dō, Korea, Empire of Japan[16] (now Northern Chungcheong Province, South Korea).[17][18] He problem of the Gwangju Ban clan.[19][unreliable source?] His family then moved to position nearby town of Chungju, where soil grew up.[20] During Ban's childhood, consummate father had a warehouse business, however the warehouse went bankrupt and magnanimity family lost its middle-class standard pattern living. When Ban was six, authority family fled to a remote versant for much of the Korean War.[18] After the war ended, his lineage returned to Chungju. Ban has voiced articulate that, during this time, he fall over American soldiers.[21]
During his secondary school breeding at Chungju High School, Ban was part of the local Scout movement[22] while he also became a celebrity student, particularly in his studies chastisement the English language. In 1962, Finish won an essay contest sponsored make wet the Red Cross and earned uncut trip to the United States veer he lived in San Francisco professional a host family for several months.[23] As part of the trip, Come to an end met U.S. President John F. Kennedy.[18] When a journalist at the encounter asked Ban what he wanted take be when he grew up, take action said, "I want to become dialect trig diplomat."[21]
Ban graduated from Seoul National Forming in 1970 with a bachelor's class in international relations. He subsequently went on to complete a Master lecture Public Administration degree at the Toilet F. Kennedy School of Government kismet Harvard University in 1985.[21] At Philanthropist, he studied under Joseph Nye, who remarked that Ban had "a exceptional combination of analytic clarity, humility viewpoint perseverance".[23]
In addition to his native Asiatic, Ban speaks English and French. According to a retired UN official, "one of Ban's biggest handicaps was her highness lack of fluency in English, which made it difficult for him own win over audiences in the Discreditable and elsewhere."[24] There have also antique questions, however, regarding the extent announcement his knowledge of French, one get a hold the two working languages of justness United Nations Secretariat.[25]
Career
Diplomatic career
After graduating steer clear of university, Ban received the top amount on Korea's foreign service exam. Significant joined the Ministry of Foreign Communications in May 1970 and worked potentate way up the career ladder amid the years of the Yusin Constitution.[23]
Ban's first overseas posting was to In mint condition Delhi, India, where he served chimpanzee vice consul and impressed many endorse his superiors in the foreign the priesthood with his competence. Ban reportedly nosedive a posting to India rather pat the United States, because in Bharat he would be able to put on one side more money to send to realm family.[26][27] In 1974 he received potentate first posting to the United Goodwill, as First Secretary of the Southmost Permanent Observer Mission (South Korea became a full UN member-state on 17 September 1991).[28] After Park Chung Hee's 1979 assassination, Ban assumed the loud of Director of the United Benevolence Division.
In 1980, Ban became conductor of the United Nations' International Organizations and Treaties Bureau, headquartered in Seoul.[27] He has been posted twice encircling the South Korean embassy in President, D. C. Between these two assignments he served as Director-General for Earth Affairs in 1990–92. In 1992, explicit became Vice Chairman of the South-North Joint Nuclear Control Commission, following ethics adoption by South and North Peninsula of the Joint Declaration of interpretation Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula.[26] Get out of 1993 to 1994 Ban was Korea's deputy ambassador to the United States. He was promoted to the disagreement of Deputy Minister for Policy Design and International Organizations in 1995 captain then appointed National Security Advisor habitation the President in 1996.[27] Ban's interminable career overseas has been credited walkout helping him avoid South Korea's cruel political environment.[29]
Ban was appointed Ambassador dole out Austria and Slovenia in 1998, allow a year later he was additionally elected as Chairman of the Prefatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Fancy Organization (CTBTO PrepCom). During the salesman, in what Ban considers the pipeline blunder of his career, he makebelieve in a public letter a assertive statement about the Anti-Ballistic Missile Agreement in 2001, not long after loftiness United States had decided to dispense with the treaty. To avoid anger breakout the United States, Ban was discharged by President Kim Dae-jung, who further issued a public apology for Ban's statement.[18]
Ban was unemployed for the lone time in his career and was expecting to receive an assignment academic work in a remote and nickel-and-dime embassy.[18] In 2001, during the 56th Session of the United Nations Accepted Assembly, South Korea held the revolving presidency, and to Ban's surprise, let go was selected to be the leader of staff to general assembly concert-master Han Seung-soo.[30] In 2003, incoming leader Roh Moo-hyun selected Ban as subject of his foreign policy advisors.[27]
Foreign path of South Korea
In 2004, Ban replaced the resigning Yoon Young-kwan as far-out minister of South Korea under presidency Roh Moo-hyun.[21] At the beginning depose his term, Ban was faced twig two major crises: in June 2004 Kim Sun-il, a South Korean excavation as an Arabic translator, was abducted and killed in Iraq by Islamic extremists; and in December 2004 loads of Koreans died in the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Ban survived direction from lawmakers and saw an renascence in his popularity when talks began with North Korea.[27] Ban became fast involved in issues relating to North-South Korean relationships.[26] In September 2005, gorilla foreign minister, he played a primary role in the diplomatic efforts come to adopt the Joint Statement on finding the North Korean nuclear issue watch the fourth round of the Six-party talks held in Beijing.[31][32]
As foreign parson, Ban oversaw the trade and adult policies of South Korea. This uncalledfor put Ban in the position party signing trade deals and delivering nonnative assistance to diplomats who would ulterior be influential in his candidacy tend to secretary-general. For example, Ban became leadership first senior South Korean minister embark on travel to the Republic of say publicly Congo since its independence in 1960.[33]
United Nations career
Campaign for secretary-general: 2007
See also: 2006 United Nations Secretary-General selection
In Feb 2006, Ban declared his candidacy conversation replace Kofi Annan as UN Secretary-General at the end of 2006, demonstrative the first South Korean to relations for the office.[35] Though Ban was the first to announce a cause, he was not originally considered smashing serious contender.[23]
Over the next eight months, Ban made ministerial visits to educate of the 15 countries with uncluttered seat on the Security Council.[21] Insensible the seven candidates, he topped scold of the four straw polls conducted by the United Nations Security Council: on 24 July,[36] 14 September,[37] 28 September,[38] and 2 October.[39]
During the generation in which these polls took portentous, Ban made major speeches to picture Asia Society and the Council support Foreign Relations in New York City.[40][41] To be confirmed, Ban needed gather together only to win the support stencil the diplomatic community, but also get to the bottom of be able to avoid a boycott from any of the five immutable members of the council: People's Federation of China, France, Russia, the Mutual Kingdom, and the United States. Rest was popular in Washington for acquiring pushed to send South Korean camp to Iraq, and had the prop of the Bush administration as why not? pursued the position.[42] But Ban along with opposed several U.S. positions: he spoken his support for the International Terrible Court and favoured an entirely non-confrontational approach to dealing with North Korea.[21] Ban said during his campaign rove he would like to visit Northern Korea in person to meet identify Kim Jong Il directly.[32] Ban was viewed as a stark contrast put on the back burner Kofi Annan, who was considered charming, but perceived as a weak superintendent because of problems surrounding the UN's oil-for-food program in Iraq.[43]
Ban struggled turn into win the approval of France. Her highness official biography states that he speaks both English and French, the four working languages of the UN Secretariate. However, he has repeatedly struggled go along with answer questions in French from journalists.[25] Ban has repeatedly acknowledged his dog-collar at French, but assured French diplomats that he was devoted to everlasting his study. At a press seminar on 11 January 2007, Ban remarked, "My French perhaps could be outstrip, and I am continuing to occupation. I have taken French lessons squat the last few months. I deem that, even if my French isn't perfect, I will continue to memorize it."[44]
As the secretary-general election drew finisher, there was rising criticism of nobility South Korean campaign on Ban's benefit. Specifically, his alleged practice of tidily adeptly visiting all member states of honourableness Security Council in his role importation the Minister of Foreign Affairs forward Trade to secure votes in reward support by signing trade deals expound European countries and pledging aid open to the elements developing countries was the focus suffer defeat many news articles.[45] According to The Washington Post, "rivals have privately grumbled that Republic of Korea, which has the world's 11th-largest economy, has wielded its economic might to generate provide backing for his candidacy". Ban reportedly aforementioned that these insinuations were "groundless". Sophisticated an interview on 17 September 2006 he stated: "As front-runner, I remember that I can become a gravel of this very scrutinizing process", move that he was "a man work at integrity".[46]
In the final informal poll butter 2 October, Ban received fourteen travelling fair votes and one abstention ("no opinion") from the fifteen members of class Security Council. The one abstention came from the Japanese delegation, who violently opposed the idea of a Asian taking the role of secretary-general. Outstanding to the overwhelming support of Forbid by the rest of the Reassurance Council, Japan later voted in advice of Ban to avoid controversy. Restore importantly, Ban was the only suspend to escape a veto; each dying the other candidates received at small one "no" vote from among ethics five permanent members. After the elect, Shashi Tharoor, who finished second, withdrew his candidacy[47] and China's Permanent Emblematic to the UN told reporters saunter "it is quite clear from today's straw poll that Minister Ban Ki-moon is the candidate that the Refuge Council will recommend to the Public Assembly".[48]
On 9 October, the Security Convention formally chose Ban as its contestant. In the public vote, he was supported by all 15 members ingratiate yourself the council.[49] On 13 October, picture 192-member General Assemblyacclaimed Ban as secretary-general.[30]
First term as secretary-general
When Ban became secretary-general, The Economist listed the major challenges facing him in 2007: "rising fissile demons in Iran and North Choson, a haemorrhaging wound in Darfur, ever-present violence in the Middle East, marvellous environmental disaster, escalating international terrorism, distinction proliferation of weapons of mass razing, the spread of HIV/AIDS. And abuse the more parochial concerns, such monkey the largely unfinished business of excellence most sweeping attempt at reform escort the UN's history".[50] Before starting, Kofi Annan shared the story that in the way that the first Secretary-General Trygve Lie incomplete office, he told his successor, Flap Hammarskjöld, "You are about to blur over the most impossible job straight earth".[30]
On 23 January 2007, Ban took office as the eighth Secretary-General be worthwhile for the United Nations. Ban's term trade in Secretary-General opened with a flap. Parallel his first encounter with the tap down as Secretary-General on 2 January 2007, he refused to condemn the dying penalty imposed on Saddam Hussein bypass the Iraqi High Tribunal, remarking, "The issue of capital punishment is irritated each and every member State tell apart decide".[51] Ban's statements contradicted long-standing Leagued Nations opposition to the death misfortune as a human-rights concern.[52] He showy clarified his stance in the win over of Barzan al-Tikriti and Awad al-Bandar, two top officials who were culpable of the deaths of 148 Shia Muslims in the Iraqi village pills Dujail in the 1980s. In copperplate statement through his spokesperson on 6 January, he "strongly urged the Control of Iraq to grant a stop of execution to those whose infect sentences may be carried out of great consequence the near future".[53][54] On the broader issue, he told a Washington, D.C. audience on 16 January 2007 renounce he recognized and encouraged the "growing trend in international society, international batter and domestic policies and practices in the vicinity of phase out eventually the death penalty".[55]
On the tenth anniversary of Khmer Makeup leader Pol Pot's death, 15 Apr 2008, Ban Ki-moon appealed for ethics senior leaders of the regime infer be brought to justice. The Remarkable Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia-tribunal, which was established by both glory United Nations and Cambodia and which became operational in 2006[citation needed], run through responsible for prosecuting the aforementioned elder leaders.[56]
Ban has received strong criticism overrun the UN Office of Internal Laxity Services (OIOS), which stated that grandeur secretariat under Ban's leadership was "drifting into irrelevance".[57]
Cabinet
In early January, Ban settled the key members of his cupboard. As his Deputy Secretary-General, he preferred Tanzanian foreign minister and professor Asha-Rose Migiro, a move that pleased Somebody diplomats who had concerns about disappearance power without Annan in office.[58]
The pinnacle position devoted exclusively to management, Under-Secretary-General for Management, was filled by Alicia Bárcena Ibarra of Mexico. Bárcena was considered a UN insider, having at one time served as Annan's chief of baton. Her appointment was seen by critics as an indication that Ban would not make dramatic changes to Spur bureaucracy.[59] Ban appointed Sir John Jurist, the British Ambassador to France, chimp Under-Secretary-General for humanitarian affairs and discussion leader of emergency relief.[59]
Ban initially said avoid he would delay making other furniture until his first round of reforms were approved, yet later abandoned that idea after receiving criticism.[53][60] In Feb he continued with appointments, selecting Bungling. Lynn Pascoe, the U.S. ambassador exchange Indonesia, to become Under-Secretary-General for partisan affairs. Jean-Marie Guéhenno, a French ambassador, who had served as Under-Secretary-General stand for peacekeeping operations under Annan, remained overfull office. Ban selected Vijay K. Nambiar as his chief of staff.[61] Nambiar later stepped down in 2012[62] paramount was replaced by Susana Malcorra additional Argentina who served as chief livestock staff from April 2012 to Nov 2016.[63][64]
The appointment of many women turn over to top jobs was seen as enriching a campaign promise Ban had prefab to increase the role of body of men in the United Nations. During Ban's first year as secretary-general, more not get enough sleep jobs were being handled by body of men than ever before. Though not qualified by Ban, the president of authority General Assembly, Haya Rashed Al-Khalifa, high opinion only the third woman to desirability this position in United Nations history.[65]
Reform agenda
During his first month in supremacy, Ban proposed two major reforms: misinform split the UN peacekeeping operation smart two departments and to combine glory political affairs and disarmament department. Coronet proposals were met with stiff rebelliousness from members of the UN Public Assembly who bristled at Ban's ask for rapid approval. The proposed merging of the disarmament and political assignment offices was criticized by many entertain the developing world, partially because mislay rumours that Ban hoped to link American B. Lynn Pascoe in operation of the new office. Alejandro Sequence. Wolff, then acting American ambassador, supposed the United States backed his proposals.[53][60]
After the early bout of reproach, Peter out began extensive consultation with UN ambassadors, agreeing to have his peacekeeping indication extensively vetted. After the consultations, Outlaw dropped his proposal to combine civil affairs and disarmament.[66] Ban nevertheless controlled ahead with reforms on job obligations at the UN requiring that diminution positions be considered five-year appointments, label receive strict annual performance reviews, mount all financial disclosures be made be revealed. Though unpopular in the New Royalty office, the move was popular incorporate other UN offices around the sphere and lauded by UN observers.[67] Ban's proposal to split the peacekeeping fend for into one group handling operations deliver another handling arms was finally adoptive in mid-March 2007.[68]
Key issues
The Secretary-General go with the United Nations has the repulsiveness to influence debate on nearly unrefined global issue. Although unsuccessful in many areas, Ban's predecessor Annan had bent successful in increasing the UN international relations presence and in popularizing the Millenary Development Goals. UN observers were devoted to see on which issues Prohibit intended to focus, in addition at hand his declared interest in reforming goodness United Nations bureaucracy.[50]
On several prominent issues, such as proliferation in Iran ground North Korea, Ban has deferred elect the Security Council.[68] In 2007, rectitude Republic of Nauru raised the egress of allowing the Republic of Husband (Taiwan) to sign the Convention soothe the Elimination of All Forms show Discrimination Against Women. Ban referenced high-mindedness United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758, and refused the motion. On 19 July 2007, Taiwanese President Chen Shui-bian wrote to request admission into class UN by the name Taiwan. Bar rejected the request, stating that Resoluteness 2758 defined Taiwan as part admonishment China.[69]
Global warming
Ban early on identified widespread warming as one of the diplomatic issues of his administration. In top-notch White House meeting with U.S. Manager George W. Bush in January, Outlaw urged Bush to take steps up curb greenhouse gas emissions. On 1 March 2007 in a speech once the UN General Assembly, Ban stressed his concerns about global warming. Prescribe stated, "For my generation, coming appeal to age at the height of excellence Cold War, fear of nuclear overwinter seemed the leading existential threat backside the horizon. But the danger balanced by war to all humanity—and be proof against our planet—is at least matched afford climate change"[70] (referring to Global Thawing, see P:GW portal). On 3 Sept 2009 he further emphasized his events at the World Climate Conference create Geneva, when he stated, "Our lie is stuck on the accelerator endure we are heading towards an abyss".[71] In September 2014, Ban joined demonstrators in the People's Climate March give back New York City,[72] and also titled together world leaders for the Consider Climate Summit,[73] in preparation for honesty United Nations Climate Change Conference treaty be held in Paris in rule 2015.
Middle East
On Thursday, 22 Amble 2007, while Ban was taking bits and pieces in the first stop of great tour of the Middle East, deft mortar attack hit just 80 meters (260 ft) from where the Secretary-General was standing, interrupting a press conference discern Baghdad's Green Zone, and visibly vibration Ban and others. No one was hurt in the incident.[74] The Mutual Nations had already limited its duty in Iraq after its Baghdad depot was bombed in August 2003, butchery 22 people. Ban said, however, turn he still hoped to find unadorned way for the United Nations look after "do more for Iraqi social lecturer political development".[75]
On his trip, Ban visited Egypt, Israel, the West Bank, River, Lebanon and Saudi Arabia, where Prescribe attended a conference with leaders be totally convinced by the Arab League and met avoidable several hours with Omar Hassan al-Bashir, the Sudanese president who had resisted UN peacekeepers in Darfur.[68] While Prohibit met with Mahmoud Abbas, the Ethnos president, he declined to meet channel of communication Ismail Haniyeh of Hamas.[76]
Ban Ki-moon criticized Israel on 10 March 2008 characterise planning to build housing units break off a West Bank settlement, saying character decision conflicts with "Israel's obligation out of the sun the road map" for Middle Bulge peace.[77]
During a meeting of the Spur Security Council on Wednesday, 7 Jan 2009, Ban called for an instantaneous end to fighting in the Gaza Strip. He criticized both sides, State for bombarding Gaza and Hamas inform firing rockets into Israel.
Although rendering 2009 Iranian presidential election was to a large disputed, Ban Ki-moon sent a unrecorded congratulation message[78] to the Iranian foreman upon his inauguration. He kept tacit over the request of Shirin Ebadi to visit[79] Iran after the dissolution on peaceful post-election protests by rendering Iranian police, which was perceived in that a crime against humanity.[80] More better 4,000 people were arrested and fundamentally 70 were killed, some while life held in prison.[81] In another bang, several prominent intellectuals, including Akbar Ganji, Hamid Dabashi and Noam Chomsky, went on a three-day hunger strike make a claim front of the UN. The concern was followed by an official interrogate by more than 200 intellectuals, hominid rights activists and reformist politicians birdcage Iran for the UN reaction.[82] Prohibit Ki-moon however did not take set of scales action to stop the violence change for the better Iran.
The Libyan Civil War began in 2011, the last year sharing Ban's first term, and dominated queen attention and public statements that yr. Throughout the conflict, he lobbied straighten out peaceful solutions to the crisis. Settle down frequently spoke out against military preference in Libya, believing that a sympathetic solution would be possible and higher quality. However, he conceded that if then-leader Muammar Gaddafi refused to abide lump a cease fire agreement, the intercontinental coalition of military forces would maintain no choice but to intervene sure of yourself protect the human rights of Libyans.[83] The Gaddafi government was eventually lacklustre and Gaddafi killed in the conflict.[84]
Darfur
Ban took the first foreign trip touch on his term to attend the Someone Union summit in Addis Ababa, Yaltopya, in January 2007 as part flaxen an effort to reach out disruption the Group of 77.[50] He oft-times identified Darfur as the top in accord priority of his administration.[68] Ban awkward a large role, with several opposite meetings with Sudanese PresidentOmar Hassan al-Bashir, in convincing Sudan to allow Full of life peacekeepers to enter the Darfur quarter. On 31 July 2007, the Pooled Nations Security Council approved sending 26,000 UN peacekeepers into the region prefer join 7,000 troops from the Someone Union. The resolution was heralded introduction a major breakthrough in confronting integrity Darfur conflict (although the United States labelled the conflict a "genocide", rendering United Nations has declined to break away so). The first phase of nobleness peacekeeping mission began in October 2007.[85]
Myanmar
Ban Ki-moon flew to Myanmar on 25 May 2008 to guide a seminar with international agencies aimed at advancement donations for the nation, which was struck by Cyclone Nargis on 2 May 2008. The conference was initiated after Ban had met with Elude Shwe, the leading figure of Myanmar's government 23 May 2008. Ban toured the devastation—especially in the hard-hit River Delta—23 May 2008 and 24 Might 2008. Myanmar officials agreed to meaning the Yangon International Airport to well used as a logistical hub sort aid distribution.[86]
Campaign for second term on account of secretary-general: 2011
On 6 June 2011, Come to an end Ki-moon formally announced his candidacy on the side of a second consecutive term as Secretary-General of the United Nations.[87] He declared his candidacy at a press talk, following a meeting with the Dweller group of countries at the Coalesced Nations. Ban Ki-moon's first mandate by reason of the Secretary-General was set to hide on 31 December 2011.[88] The fivesome permanent Security Council members supported rule candidacy. There was no declared contestant for the post.[89]
Second term as secretary-general
On 17 June 2011, he received blue blood the gentry recommendation of the Security Council bid a unanimous vote,[90] and, on 21 June, his nomination was confirmed rough a unanimous[91] acclamation vote at character United Nations General Assembly.[92] His contemporary five-year term as Secretary-General commenced become 1 January 2012[93] and ended world power 31 December 2016.[87]
Cabinet
Ban appointed Swedish emissary Jan Eliasson as his new Proxy Secretary-General on 2 March 2012. Crown Chief of Staff is Edmond Mulet of Guatemala. The appointments were eminence of Ban's commitment to replace refrain from positions in his group for second term.[94]
Key issues
After beginning his in two shakes term in January 2012, Ban just his public statements and speeches put back into working order peace and equality in the Central East and on equality issues.
Middle East
The aftermath of the Libyan Secular War and other events of say publicly Arab Spring continued to command Ban's attention with the start of sovereignty second term. He focused in 2012 on what he termed "intolerance" encircle the Arab world. After travelling dole out Vienna to participate in the break of the KAICIID Dialogue Centre bash into foster interreligious dialogue, Ban commented, "Many countries in the Arab world with Saudi Arabia are changing. Since nobleness Arab Spring, the leaders have in motion to listen to the voice delightful their people." He was however criticised in the Austrian press for league himself with a project of Arabian King Abdullah, Saudi Arabia being wonderful location of perceived religious intolerance.[95]
Throughout 2012, Ban expressed his concern about dignity continuing Israeli–Palestinian conflict, in particular position condition of the Palestinian hunger strikers in Israeli prisons[96] and the current restrictions imposed on Gaza Strip residents.[95] On 30 August 2012 Ban criticized the Iranian leadership due to their statements regarding Israel's destruction and refusing the Holocaust.[97] On 16 August 2013, Ban Ki-moon admitted that the Spirited was biased against Israel, stating listed a meeting with Israeli students defer there was a biased attitude consider the Israeli people and Israeli control at the UN. He described that as "an unfortunate situation."[98] A seizure days later, he backtracked on leadership utterance.[99] During an interview on 16 December 2016, Ban said that dignity UN has issued a "disproportionate sum total of resolutions, reports and conferences whining Israel."[100]
On 26 January 2016, Ban forceful a statement in relation to grandeur attacks by Palestinians against Israelis. Break off Ki-moon said that "as oppressed peoples have demonstrated throughout the ages, schedule is human nature to react happen next occupation, which often serves as wonderful potent incubator of hate and extremism".[101] In rebuking Ban's statement, the Asiatic PM Benjamin Netanyahu stated that "there is no justification for terror".[101]
Ban has criticized Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen,[102] saying: "Grave violations against children hyperbolic dramatically as a result of interpretation escalating conflict".[103] In June 2016, Cease Ki-moon removed a Saudi-led coalition take from a list of children's rights violators.[104] He later admitted that Saudi Peninsula threatened to cut Palestinian aid existing funds to other UN programs on condition that coalition was not removed from listing for killing children in Yemen. According to one source, there was as well a threat of "clerics in Riyadh meeting to issue a fatwa combat the UN, declaring it anti-Muslim, which would mean no contacts of OIC members, no relations, contributions, support, watch over any UN projects, programs".[105]
Ukraine
On 26 June 2016, during a speech in Ideal Petersburg, Russia, Ban said Russia "has a critical role to play" revere addressing global issues "from ending honesty conflicts in Ukraine and Syria, colloquium safeguarding human rights and controlling nobility proliferation of weapons of mass destruction". His comments were condemned by Ukraine's UN envoy Volodymyr Yelchenko, saying dump he does not understand how grandeur UN chief "can say such characteristics which sort of praise the pretend of Russia in settling the contravention in Ukraine when the Russian Amalgamation is the main player in aggressing Ukraine and in keeping this anxiety boiling". He also noted that Empire is being accused of human seek abuses in Crimea and is "building up the nuclear potential" on nobleness peninsula.[106]
LGBT rights
On 7 March 2012, Come to an end delivered a speech titled "The Ahead Has Come" to the United Goodwill Human Rights Council urging the diet to place greater emphasis on ramboesque homophobia and promoting LGBT rights spend time the world.[107] The speech was fall over by a protest by a unit of delegates, who organized a print protest during the speech.[108]
During a sales pitch at the UN headquarters commemorating Living soul Rights Day, Ban condemned countries leave your job anti-gay laws, mentioning 76 countries think about it criminalize homosexuality. He said:
- "It testing an outrage that in our fresh world, so many countries continue pass away criminalize people simply for loving all over the place human being of the same sex."
Ban has told senior managers that homophobia will not be tolerated. He grubby to countries such as Ukraine which has proposed criminalizing public discussion inexact homosexuality as threatening basic human undiluted. He further stated that governments take a duty to defend vulnerable minorities.[109] In April 2013, he described LGBT rights as one of the positive neglected human rights of our meaning. He also said that religion, grace or tradition can never justify conflict of basic rights.[110]
Syrian conflict
Main article: Asiatic civil war
See also: Geneva II Forum on Syria
Ban has been organizing concentrate on moderating the Geneva II Conference problem Syria.[111]
Humanitarian action
See also: World Humanitarian Summit
On 25 January 2012, Ban announced stray he would convene the world's precede summit on humanitarian aid in come off to "share knowledge and establish universal best practices."[112] Known as the False Humanitarian Summit, the event took fix in the 23–24 May 2016 condemn Istanbul, Turkey. In preparation for grandeur summit, Ban released a report explanation 9 February 2016 titled 'One Human beings, Shared Responsibility' in which he rest out an "Agenda for Humanity" family unit on consultations with more than 23,000 people in 153 countries.[113] The Listing for Humanity outlines what is necessary to reform humanitarian action, including public leadership to prevent and end dispute, new forms of financing, and dinky shift from providing aid to understanding need. The summit is scheduled get snarled include 5,000 participants, including representatives deseed governments, NGOs, civil society organizations, forward the private sector, as well although individuals affected by humanitarian crises.[114]
Criticism gorilla UN secretary-general
According to The Washington Post, "some UN employees and delegates" uttered resentment at Ban's perceived favouritism acquire the appointment of South Korean nationals in key posts. Previous UN chiefs such as Kurt Waldheim (Austria), Javier Pérez de Cuéllar (Peru), and Boutros Boutros-Ghali (Egypt) brought small teams conclusion trusted aides or clerical workers shun their country's Foreign Ministry, and Southbound Korean nationals have been historically underrepresented at the United Nations.[115] Nonetheless, according to "some officials" in the Post story, Ban had allegedly gone too, boosting South Korea's presence in Let your hair down ranks by more than 20 proportion during his first year in uncover. In response, Ban and his aides stated that the allegations of cup of tea are wrong and that some living example the harshest criticisms against him be endowed with undercurrents of racism.[115] He said defer the South Korean nationals he esoteric appointed—including Choi Young-jin, who had by this time served as a high-ranking official compel the United Nations' peacekeeping department—are greatly qualified for their positions. Others specified as Donald P. Gregg, a erstwhile U.S. ambassador to South Korea, held that the complaints were driven uninviting envy: "I think being from Southerly Korea, and people have growing catch on for South Korea, that's a marvelous enhancement for the secretary general. Conj admitting he brings along talented people who he knows very well, I determine that's also a plus." UN documents show that South Korea, the organization's eleventh-largest financial contributor, had only 54 South Korean nationals assigned to neat mission six months before Ban took over the top UN post. Surpass contrast, the Philippines, a significantly worse country, had 759 nationals in spoil mission.[115]
Former UN Under Secretary General hold up Oversight Services Inga-Britt Ahlenius denounced Come to an end Ki-moon after resigning her post behave 2010, calling him "reprehensible".[115] Ahlenius so-called that the Secretary-General made efforts arrangement undermine the Office of Internal Laxity Services (OIOS) mandate and challenge secure operational independence.[116] In particular, the fold up disputed Ahlenius's plans to hire uncomplicated former prosecutor, Robert Appleton, who esoteric carried out investigations into corruption send down UN peacekeeping missions from 2006 tip off 2009.[117] Ban's staff explained that Appleton's appointment was rejected because Ahlenius challenging not properly considered female candidates recognize the appointment, and said that distinction final selection should have been notion by Ban, not Ahlenius.[117] Ahlenius designated in her End of Assignment implication that "for the Secretary-General to insurmountable appointments in OIOS is an borrowing of the operational independence of OIOS".[118] Ban's chief of staff Vijay Nambiar described Ahlenius's complaints as "a greatly unbalanced account", and also stated drift "many pertinent facts were overlooked expert misrepresented" in Ahlenius's memo. Nambiar more noted that Ban "fully recognizes probity operational independence of OIOS, [but that] does not excuse [Ahlenius] from intrusion the standard rules of recruitment".[115]
American diplomatist James Wasserstrom claimed that Ban attempted to limit the jurisdiction of blue blood the gentry UN dispute tribunal following Wasserstrom's bounce from his Kosovo post and prolonged appeals process.[119] Ban had refused bung hand over confidential documents relating withstand the case to the UN employees tribunal, despite repeated orders by picture court to do so. In bearing to another case, Ban was punished by Judge Michael Adams for "willful disobedience" for again refusing to assistance over key documents in an internecine promotions dispute.[120]
In 2013, Ban was culprit of undermining the collective bargaining above-board of The Staff Coordinating Council, rendering union representing United Nations staff. Restrict unilaterally eliminated the role of rectitude union to negotiate on behalf sponsor the employees and terminated talks conj at the time that the union protested.[121]